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^  ^  Ic^  t  ^    C  fx^  5?'  '-   ^-^  ♦ 


Maliseet  Vocabulary 


BY 

MONTAGUE  CHAMBERLAIN 


WITH   AN   INTRODUCTION  BY 

WILLIAM  F.  GANONG,  Ph.  D. 

Professor  of  Botany  at  Smith  College 


FOR   SALE   BY 

HARVARD  COOPERATIVE  SOCIETY 

CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 

1899 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


5 


Preface         

Introduction lo 

Alphabet i; 

Vocabulary; — 

Persons , i8 

Parts  of  the  Body 19 

Relationships 22 

Government  and  Social  Organization           ....  26 

Religion 28 

Dress  and  Ornaments 28 

Dwellings 29 

Implements  and  Utensils 30 

Food 32 

Mammals 32 

Birds 34 

Fish 37 

■^--Reptiles 38 

Insects            39 

Parts  of  Animals 40 

Trees  and  Shrubs 42 

Physical  Phenomena  and  Objects 46 

Colors 49 

Cardinal  Numbers 49 

Ordinal  Numbers 52 

Numeral  Adverbs 53 

Multiplicatives            54 

Distributives 54 

Measures 55 

Divisions  of  Time 56 

Place  Names 38 

Words  of  Recent  Origin 61 

Pronouns                .                65 

Phrases  and  Sentences. — 

First  Series 67 

Second  Series 84 

The  Verb,  To  Love            go 

How  THE  Bear  Gens  Began  :    A  Maliseet  Tradition       .        .  93 


PREFACE. 


THE  Maliseets  have  not  a  written  language,  nor  have  I  been 
able  to  obtain  any  evidence  that  they  ever  used  characters  or 
symbols  of  any  sort  —  neither  letters  nor  hieroglyphics  —  for  the 
representation  of  words.  A  few  samples  of  their  picture  writing 
have  been  discovered,  but  these  are  extremely  crude  and  simple 
and  do  not  suggest  any  systematic  methods  for  the  conveyance  of 
ideas.  Nor  was  the  so-called  "  reading"  of  wampum  belts,  that 
we  have  heard  about,  the  rehearsal  of  a  story  told  by  characters 
on  the  belt.  That  was  simply  the  recital  of  an  oral  tradition 
which  depended  upon  the  "  reader's "  memory  for  its  accuracy. 
A  few  simple  emblems,  such  as  the  insignia  of  the  contracting 
tribes  or  clasped  hands,  signifying  friendship,  were  worked  into 
the  belts  in  white  beads,  but  there  were  not  any  symbols  that 
represented  sounds. 

These  people  having  no  alphabet,  it  was  necessary  when 
writing  their  language  to  invent  an  alphabet  or,  to  be  more  exact, 
to  arrange  the  Roman-English  characters  in  a  suitable  system ; 
for  in  English  these  characters  are  used  to  represent  different 
sounds,  but  when  writing  an  unwritten  language  each  character 
must  represent  one  sound  only,  and  each  sound  must  be  repre- 
sented invariably  by  the  same  character.  I  found  no  difficulty, 
however,  in  representing  the  sounds  which  occur  in  Maliseet  by 
these  familiar  symbols  with  the  aid  of  a  few  diacritical  marks,  and 
by  giving  to  the  vowels  their  "  continental  "  values.  In  writing 
the  present  work  I  have  changed  my  alphabet  somewhat  to  make 
it  conform  more  closely  to  that  adopted  by  the  Bureau  of  Ethnol- 
ogy of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 

Thus  far  in  my  study  of  Maliseet  I  have  been  able  to  distin- 
guish twenty-nine  sounds  only,  though  it  is  probable  that  others 
will  be  revealed  by  a  closer  familiarity  with  the  language.  The 
complexity  of  some  sounds  and  the  indistinctness  with  which 


others  are  pronounced  by  the  Indians  make  the  task  of  determin- 
ing their  quality  somewhat  difficult.  Most  of  their  sounds  occur 
in  our  English  speech,  but  I  have  not  detected  any  that  corre- 
spond with  our  /,  r  or  v,  and  though  the  surds  /  and  /  are  in 
frequent  use  I  have  not  detected  the  sonant  mutes  b,  d  and  ^.  I 
am  aware  that  these  mutes  have  been  used  by  the  map-makers 
when  representing  the  so-called  Indian  names,  as  in  Wagan,  for 
an  example,  but  my  Indian  interpreters  told  me  that  was  wrong 
and  pronounced  the  word  Wa'-kun,  As  this  terminal  occurs  in 
numerous  words,  I  had  ample  opportunity  to  verify  the  spelling. 

One  queer  sound  for  which  we  have  no  equivalent  is  a 
spirant  that  is  generally  used  as  a  terminal  and  is  fairly  well 
represented  by  w.     It  occurs  in  Wulastukw. 

In  adopting  an  English  word  in  which  an  r  occurs  that 
sound  is  changed  to  /.•  thus  Mary  becomes  Mali^  and  Catherine 
appears  as  Katlin.  Also,  our  f  is  displaced  by  /,  and  Francis 
then  becomes  Plansue. 

Nasal  sounds  occur  but  sparsely.  Vowels  are  freely  used, 
but  the  favorite  consonants  are  repeated  with  such  frequency  and 
in  such  large  and  awkward  clusters  as  to  make  the  written 
language  appear  almost  appalling  to  the  novice.  This  effect  is 
heightened  by  the  extreme  length  of  many  of  the  words.  Such 
combinations  as  tchukwuluskw,  kuskwitaukwts,  and  kwaskw- 
onakskw  are  not  attractive  to  the  English  eye ;  and  these  are  not 
extreme  examples,  for  words  of  twenty  and  even  thirty  syllables 
may  be  encountered.  Yet  these  consonantic  clusters  are  more 
easily  mastered  than  seems  possible  at  first  sight.  A  greater 
difficulty  is  encountered  in  the  effort  to  acquire  that  slurring  and 
drawling  of  the  syllables  which  lends  a  musical  quality  to  the 
Maliseet  speech,  and  which,  aided  by  soft,  sweet  voices,  makes 
their  spoken  language  peculiarly  pleasant  to  the  ear. 

In  common  with  all  the  North  American  languages,  Maliseet 
belongs  to  that  philological  group  to  which  has  been  applied  the 
term  holophrastic,  a  Greek  compound  which  means  that  a  phrase 
or  an  entire  sentence  is  comprehended  in  a  single  word.  The 
Indian  mind  revels  in  synthetic  methods,  and  aims  to  compress 
jnto  one  word  both  object  and  action  as  well  as  all  that  relates  to 
^he  object  or  modifies  the  action. 


As  the  verbs  form  the  base  of  these  holophrastic  words,  they 
play  a  most  importan;  part  in  the  grammatical  structure  of  the 
language.  Besides  the  verbs  proper,  other  parts  of  speech, 
adverbs,  nouns,  adjectives  and  prepositions,  are  sometimes  made 
to  play  the  part  of  verbs.  The  verbs  are  never  or  rarely  used  in 
an  abstract  form  —  separated  from  inflectional  particles  —  and  for 
this  reason  it  is  difficult  to  obtain  equivalents  for  our  Knglish 
verbs,  though  an  Indian  interpreter  is  likely,  as  a  rule,  to  prove 
quite  expert  in  coining  equivalents  to  meet  a  white  man's  demand 
for  these  words.  There  is  no  equivalent  in  Maliseet  for  the 
English  verb  "  to  be,"  though  there  are  many  words  signifying  the 
manner  of  being.  The  verbs  are  inflected  for  mood  as  well  as 
for  tense. 

Nouns  are  divided  into  two  classes,  which  have  been  named 
animate  and  inanimate  (some  writers  have  applied  the  terms 
"  noble  "  and  "  ignoble  "  gender  to  these  groups),  but  the  Maliseet 
definition  of  animate  differs  from  that  laid  down  by  Webster.  To 
the  Indian  a  tree  is  animate  while  growing,  but  inanimate  when 
it  is  cut  down  or  uprooted.  A  hill  covered  with  vegetation  is 
classed  with  the  animate,  but  a  hill  of  bare  rock  is  placed  in 
the  other  class,  because,  they  say,  it  does  not  possess  or  sustain 
life.  The  distinctions  of  these  classes  are  manifested  in  the 
changes  made  to  express  plural  numbers  and  are  applied  not  only 
to  the  nouns  but  equally  to  the  adjectives  and  pronouns  related  to 
them.  Besides  the  final  sound  which  is  added  to  the  singular 
form  of  a  noun  to  denote  the  plural,  other  sounds  are  usually 
added,  placed  between  the  singular  terminal  and  the  plural  suffix. 
The  sole  object  of  these  auxiliary  sounds  is  to  produce  phonetic 
harmony.  A  dual  number  is  used  also,  but  this  affects  the  pro- 
nouns alone. 

The  Maliseet  does  not  use  a  particle  to  denote  the  possessive 
case,  but  indicates  possession  by  the  use  of  pronouns : —  thus 
"  John's  hat  "  is  expressed  by  "John,  his  hat." 

The  demonstrative  pronouns  are  used  in  a  separated  form, 
but  the  personal  pronouns  are  usually  incorporated  with  a  noun. 
Indeed  this  latter  rule  is  so  invariably  followed  that  I  found  great 
difficulty  in  obtaining  the  names  of  the  different  parts  of  the 
body  without  these  incorporated  pronouns.     The  augmentative  of 


nouns  is  formed  by  the  prefix  k'tchi — as  k'fchi-ki'-sos,  the  long 
moon,  k'tchi-hvis'-pam,  the  large  lake.  The  diminutive  is  formed 
by  the  suffix  sis  —  as  sip'-sis,  a  small  bird,  skwn'-sis,  a  young  girl. 

Other  peculiarities  of  structure  will  be  observed  in  the  lists 
of  phrases  and  sentences  in  the  Vocabulary.  'I"he  En};lish  phrasej 
of  the  "  First  Series  "  were  copied  from  the  guide  issued  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  and  were  compiled  expressly  to  obtain 
the  necessary  data  for  determining  grammatical  rules. 

In  their  speech  the  Maliseets  have  a  habit  of  using  shortened 
forms  of  many  words,  much  as  we  contract  will  not  to  won't  and 
cannot  to  can't.  Proper  names  as  well  as  other  words  are  subject 
to  this  "  short  way  of  speaking,"  as  they  call  it.  An  extreme 
example  is  found  in  Sapatis,  a  typical  Wapanaki  name,  which  is 
an  abbreviation  of  Husawis  I'atista  —  their  equivalent  for  John 
the  Baptist.  Husawis,  the  Wapanaki  for  John,  is  usually 
shortened  to  "  Husa  "  or  "  Sa,"  and  Sapatis  is  merely  the  latter 
abbreviation  joined  to  the  first  two  syllables  of  Patista.  We  find 
this  name  spelled  also  Sebatis  and  Sebattus. 

The  advent  of  the  Europeans  caused  an  unusual  demand  for 
new  words,  but  the  Indians  proved  equal  to  that  emergency. 
They  Indianized  some  of  the  strange  terms  and  coined  new  words 
for  others.  The  French  word  adieu  was  retained  as  a-ti'-ii,  and 
tea  remained  //.•  horse  was  slightly  changed  to  lia-has\  and  milk 
became  me-lanks' ;  but  for  umbrella  they  constructed  the  combina- 
tion, a'-ku-a-tii-/io'-sof,  which  means,  literally,  a  shadow  maker. 
Other  examples  may  be  found  in  the  list  of  "  Words  of  recent 
origin  "  given  in  the  Vocabulary. 

The  word  Maliseet,  or  Malisit,  as  it  should  be  spelled  in  their 
language,  is  the  singular  form  of  the  Micmac  word  Malisitchik  — 
"  the  broken  talkers."  The  Micmacs  are  not  of  the  Wapanaki 
(or  Abenaki  nation,  and  speak  a  dialect  which  is  so  different 
from  that  of  the  Maliseets  that  the  two  people  find  difficulty  in 
conversing — hence  the  sobriquet.  Another  name  given  to  the 
Maliseets  by  these  same  neighbors  is  Ktiusweskitchinuuk — "the 
Muskrat  people."  The  Maliseets  are  fond  of  the  flesh  of  this 
animal  and  formerly  u.sed  the  skins  for  under-clothing.  A  third 
Micmac  name  is  Etechemins,  which  is  applied  to  the  Penobscots, 
Passamaquoddies  and  Maliseets.     The  Maliseets  call  themselves 

8 


Wulastiikwiyiik  —  the  people  of  the  IVuiastiiku',  which  is  their 
name  for  the  river  St.  John.  'I'he  Maliseet.s'  nickname  for  the 
Micmacs  is  AfalaiihivcskitJiinuiik  -  '^  i\\Q  Porcupine  people" — 
from  their  constant  use  of  dyed  porcupine  (|uills  for  ornamenta- 
tion, 


MY  principal  assistant  in  gathering  these  Maliseet  words  was 
the  late  James  Paul  of  Apohaqui.  He  was  an  intelligent 
man  and  had  a  fair  knowledge  of  English,-— could  read  and 
write, —  and  besides  possessed  an  acute  ear.  I'.ut  what  made  him 
especially  useful  in  this  work  was  his  intense  interest  in  its 
accomplishment  and  his  desire  that  it  should  be  correct. 

I  am  also  indebted  to  his  daughter,  Mary  Paul,  for  kindly 
rendered  assistance.  She  was  peculiarly  helpful  in  obtaining  data 
from  which  disputed  questions  were  determined. 

The  entire  work  has  been  confirmed  by  members  of  the 
tribe  from  other  villages,  and  my  thanks  for  such  help  are  due  to 
Gabriel  Attian,  "  Old  Gabe,"  of  St.  Mary  s  ;  to  Lola  Hear  of  French 
Village;    and  to  Husawis  Francis  and  Peter  Saulis  of  Tobique. 

The  late  Edward  Jack  took  considerable  interest  in  my 
labor,  and  was  helpful  with  kind  advice  and  suggestion. 

My  thanks  are  especially  due  to  Professor  Ganong  for  his 
interesting  and  valuable  Introduction  as  well  as  for  his  kind 
words. 

MONTAGUE   CHAMBERLAIN. 

Harvard  University, 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  ' 

June,  1899. 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE  important  part  which  Mr.  Chamberlain  has  invited  me 
to  take  in  the  presentation  of  his  valuable  Memoir  on  the 
Maliseet  language  is  the  more  honorable  since  this  is  the  first 
work  in  an  attractive,  even  if  restricted,  field.  As  such  it  must 
reap  the  honors  as  well  as  undergo  the  trials  of  a  pioneer. 
P'urthermore,  the  conditions  which  allowed  its  production  are 
so  rapidly  passing  away  that,  unless  it  should  stimulate  others  to 
immediate  hard  scientific  study  of  its  originals,  it  is  likely  to  remain 
unique.  Its  value  is  the  greater,  also,  in  as  much  as  it  represents 
the  results  of  Mr.  Chamberlain's  own  personal  studies  direct  from 
nature,  and  includes  nothing  at  second  hand  or  of  compilation. 
For  the  opinions  and  defects  of  this  introduction,  he  is  of  course 
not  to  be  held  responsible. 
^' —  The  tribe  of  Indians  now  commonly  known  as  the  Maliseets 
is  confined  chiefly  to  the  valley  of  the  River  St.  John,  in  the 
Province  of  New  Brunswick.  It  includes,  according  to  the  official 
figures  of  1892,  six  hundred  and  fifty-three  individuals ;  and  for 
some  years  they  have  been  slowly  increasing  in  numbers.  They 
live  upon  government  reservations  in  villages,  the  principal  of 
which  are  at  Tobique  Point,  Woodstock,  Kingsclear,  and  St. 
Mary's,  with  smaller  settlements  at  Madawaska,  Apohaqui,  and 
near  St.  John,  also  temporary  camping  grounds  at  various  points 
along  the  river. 

, These  Maliseets  are  a  superior  race  of  Indians,  combining 
with  many  truly  Indian  virtues  fewer  European  vices  than  most 
of  the  North  American  tribes.  As  a  rule  they  are  honest,  and 
many  of  them  bear  themselves  with  dignity,  independence  and 
self-respect.  They  are  good-tempered  and  fairly  temperate,  and 
therefore  very  free  from  crime.  They  have  the  Indian  dislike  for 
the  trades,  but  are  keen  hunters,  many  of  the  men  earning  their 
support  as  guides.  Others  make  for  sale  canoes,  baskets  and 
other  Indian  wares,  and  some  do  a  little,  usually  a  very  little, 

10 


farming.  They  live  in  small  houses  and  dress  like  the  whites. 
They  are  of  medium  size,  light  in  color  (for  Indians),  and  show 
little  of  the  American  Indian  type  in  their  physiognomy,  having 
rather  round  faces  and  flat  features.  They  still  use  their  own 
language,  though  it  is  becoming  corrupted  by  white  influence ; 
and  the  same  cause  is  rapidly  destroying  the  aboriginal  character 
of  their  legends,  formerly  rich  and  imaginative,  and  of  their 
dances,  feasts  and  other  primitive  customs.  The  younger  people 
among  them  care  nothing  for  such  things,  and  when  the  present 
generation  of  older  Indians  shall  have  passed  away,  it  is  doubtful 
if  anything  of  value  to  Ethnology  or  Philology  can  be  obtained 
from  them.  This  admixture  with  the  Europeans  in  language  and 
customs  is  in  part  the  result  of  an  actual  admixture  of  race,  for 
they  have  been  intermarrying  with  the  whites,  particularly  with 
the  Acadian  French,  for  over  two  hundred  years,  to  such  an  extent 
that  it  is  doubtful  if  there  is  now  a  single  pure-blooded  Indian 
among  them. 

Like  other  native  tribes  of  Northeastern  America,  they  have, 
except  in  their  connection  with  the  whites,  no  known  "  history." 
They  have  no  records  of  any  kind,  and  no  monuments.  Their 
own  legends  throw  no  clear  light  upon  their  origin,  and  little  upon 
their  relationship  to  other  tribes.  Such  scraps  of  knowledge  as 
we  have,  tend  to  show  that,  while  originally  they  came  probably 
from  the  west  or  southwest,  they  have  from  prehistoric  times,  as 
now,  lived  in  the  St.  John  Valley.  There  is  some  reason,  however, 
for  the  belief  that  at  the  time  of  the  discovery  of  the  St.  John  by 
Cham  plain,  in  1604,  their  neighbors,  the  Micmacs,  occupied  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  and  perhaps  extended  to  the  head  of  tide- 
water at  Fredericton,  thus  limiting  our  Maliseets  to  the  upper 
river.  This  is  shown  as  well  by  the  testimony  of  Champ) ain, 
Lescarbot  and  Diereville  as  by  the  fact  that  some  Indian  place- 
names  on  the  lower  river  are  probably  of  Micmac  origin.  The 
distribution  in  old  times  of  the  Maliseet  villages  was  different 
from  that  of  the  present,  the  principal  ones  before  this  century 
having  been  at  Meductic,  eight  miles  below  Woodstock,  and  at 
Ek-pa-haak,  five  miles  above  Fredericton.  The  Maliseets  were 
always  very  friendly  with  the  French,  and  were  their  allies  in  all 
of  their  conflicts  with  the  English,  as  well  as  in  their  terrible 

II 


raids  against  the  New  England  Settlements.  All  testimony  agrees 
that  they  were  good  warriors,  warriors  of  the  true  Indian  type. 
At  the  opening  of  the  American  Revolution,  influenced  by 
Colonel  John  Allan,  they  were  friendly  to  the  American  cause, 
but  they  took  no  active  part  on  either  side,  and  later  became  firm 
adherents  of  the  English.  To  the  Loyalists  of  1783,  they  were, 
except  in  a  few  cases,  very  generally  friendly ;  and  often,  in  the 
hardships  of  the  first  winters,  they  were  of  very  great  help  to  the 
new  settlers. 

In  1787  several  schools  for  civilizing  and  educating  them 
were  established  at  different  points  along  the  river  by  an  English 
society ;  but  the  success  of  these  schools  was  small,  and  later 
they  were  given  up.  From  this  time  until  the  present,  their 
history  has  been  uneventful.  They  now  have  their  own  schools, 
maintained  by  the  Dominion  government,  and  their  own  churches. 
They  are  all  Roman  Catholics. 

The  exact  relationship  of  the  Maliseets  to  the  neighboring 
tribes  is  still  a  matter  of  some  doubt.  The  scientific  comparative 
studies  upon  their  languages  which  alone  can  settle  this  question, 
have  never  been  made.  Indeed  the  materials  therefor  in  the 
form  of  reliable  grammars,  vocabularies,  etc.,  have  been  wanting 
for  all  except  the  Micmacs.  Some  facts,  however,  are  established. 
As  at  present  distributed,  the  Maliseets  are  nearly  surrounded  by 
tribes  related  to  them  in  various  degrees.  To  the  east,  occupying 
all  the  waters  emptying  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  extend- 
ing to  and  throughout  Nova  Scotia,  are  the  Micmacs.  Besides 
differing  in  some  physical  characteristics,  there  are  differences  in 
the  languages  of  the  two  tribes  so  marked  that  few  words  are 
really  common  to  the  two,  and  it  is  only  with  much  difficulty  that 
members  of  the  two  tribes  can  talk  together.  To  the  south  and 
west,  connected  with  the  St.  John  by  easy  water  routes,  is  the 
St.  Croix  Valley,  occupied  by  the  Passamaquoddies.  Not  only 
are  the  latter  indistinguishable  from  the  Maliseets  physically,  but 
their  language  is  nearly  identical,  so  that  they  talk  together  with 
perfect  ease.  Indeed  the  term  Maliseet  is  often  used  to  include 
them  both,  and  properly;  though  of  late  it  is  the  custom  to 
restrict  the  name  to  those  of  the  St.  John  River,  a  usage  which 
is  followed  here,  both  because  of  its  practical  advantages  and  its 

12 


agreement  with  the  range  of  Mr.  Chamberlain's  paper.  There  is 
a  Passamaquoddy  tradition  that  the  tribe  was  founded  by  the 
union  of  a  man  from  the  St.  John  and  a  woman  from  the 
Penobscot.  Finally  to  the  west,  and  likewise  connected  with  the 
St.  John  by  good  waterways  and  short  portages,  is  the  Penobscot 
River,  occupied  by  the  Penobscot  tribe.  These  Indians  also 
resemble  the  Maliseets  very  closely,  and  speak  a  language  which 
the  latter  can  understand  without  difficulty.  They  also  often  are, 
and  formerly  always  were,  included  under  the  name  Maliseet. 
To  the  westward  of  the  Penobscots  came  the  Kennebec  Indians, 
the  Ahnakis />ar  exce/Ze/icc ;  these  were  related  to  the  Penobscots, 
though  less  closely  than  were  the  Penobscots  to  the  other  Maliseet 
sub-tribes,  but  more  closely  than  were  the  three  Maliseet  sub- 
tribes  to  the  Micmacs.  The  conclusion  from  present  knowledge, 
then,  seems  to  be  that  while  all  of  these  Indians  are  from  the 
Algonquin  stock,  the  Micmacs  stand  apart  as  one  race  or  tribe ; 
the  Maliseets  of  the  St.  John,  the  Passamaquoddies  and  the 
Penobscots  form  collectively  another  race  or  tribe  of  three  very 
closely  related  divisions,  all  entitled  to  be  known  as  Maliseets; 
and  the  Kennebec  Indians,  with  offshoots  on  and  near  the  St. 
Lawrence  to  the  north,  form  a  third  division,  to  which  the  Mali- 
seets are  more  closely  allied  than  they  are  to  the  Micmacs.* 
Though  presenting  such  differences  as  we  have  mentioned,  all  of 
these  tribes  have  in  common  a  rich  series  of  legends  which  have 
attracted  very  much  well-deserved  attention. 

The  references  to  these  Indians  in  the  works  of  the  early 
explorers  throw  much  light  upon  their  customs,  but  little  upon 
their  language,  relationships  or  history.  Champlain  ("Voyages," 
1613-1632,)  refers  to  them  frequently.  He  calls  the  Micmacs, 
Souriquois,  and  groups  all  the  Indians  from  the  St.  John  to  the 
Penobscot  as  Etchemins  or  Etechemins.  Lescarbot  ("  Histoire 
de  la  Nouvelle  France,"  1609)  devotes  several   chapters,  much 


*  Note. —  I  differ  from  Professor  Ganong  regarding  the  relation  of  the  Mali- 
seets and  the  Penobscots  to  the  Kennebecs.  There  is,  I  consider,  sufficient 
evidence  to  warrant  the  opinion  that  the  Penobscot  tribe  was  founded  by 
emigrants  from  the  Kennebec  country,  and  that  for  many  years  both  bands 
were  members  of  one  tribe,  ruled  by  one  supreme  sakum  or  chief.  Both 
Maliseets  and  Penobscots  have  traditions  that  the  founders  of  the  Maliseet 
tribe  were  Penobscots.  M.  C. 

13 


mixed  with  otlier  matter,  to  tlieir  customs,  particularly  those  of 
the  Micmacs,  and  he  likewise  calls  all  from  the  St.  John  to  the 
Kennebec,  the  Etechemins.  Father  Baird  ("  Relation  "  of  1611) 
describes  tiiem,  as  does  De  Laet  ("  Histoire  du  Nouveau  Monde," 
1640),  both  using  the  names  Souriquois  and  Etechemins  precisely 
as  does  Champlain.  Denys  ("  Description  Ge'ographique,"  and 
"  Histoire  Naturelle,"  1672,)  gives  several  chapters  of  his  work  to 
them,  and  applies  the  name  Etechemins  to  all  between  the  St.  John 
and  Boston.  But  the  first  writer  who  actually  lived  among  the 
Maliseets  was  Villebon,  Governor  of  Acadia  from  1690  to  1700; 
and  he  likewise  is  the  first  to  use  the  word  Maliseet  (Malicittt), 
which  he  applies  precisely  as  his  predecessors  do  the  word 
Etechemin,  /.  e.,  to  all  of  the  Indians  from  the  St.  John  to  the 
Penobscot  inclusive.  His  official  letters  and  journal  (Broadhead's 
Documentary  History  of  New  York :  MS.  published  by  the 
Quebec  Government,  etc.)  abound  in  references  to  them,  and  are 
valuable  sources  of  information  as  to  their  later  history.  Cadillac 
(1692,  Broadhead's,  op.  cit,),  Brouillan  (1703,  MS.  by  Quebec 
Government,  <•//.),  and  Diereville  ("Voyage  du  Port  Royal,"  1707), 
all  contribute  to  our  knowledge  of  them,  and  apply  the  name 
Maliseet  in  the  same  way  as  Villebon  does.  Jolin  Gyles  in  his 
well-known  narrative  of  1736  has  given  us  our  most  valuable  work 
on  their  domestic  life,  but  little  of  linguistic  information.  Jefifreys 
('*  History  of  French  Dominions,"  176c  )  confirms  the  above  usage 
of  the  tribal  names.  The  only  later  works  which  need  mention 
here  are  two.  Maurault's  '*  Histoire  des  Abenakis  "  (1866)  makes 
several  not  very  clear  tribal  subdivisions,  placing  the  Etechemins 
on  the  St.  Croix  and  a  part  of  the  St.  John  only,  and  uses  the 
word  Maliseet  to  cover  the  Etechemins  and  a  related  tribe  on  the 
St.  John.  Vetromile's  "Abnakis  and  their  History"  (1866)  is 
very  untrustworthy ;  and  in  the  portions  relating  to  the  Maliseets 
and  Micmacs  seems  more  often  wrong  in  its  statements  than 
right. 

The  words  Maliseet  and  Etechemin  are  therefore  equivalent. 
The  word  Abnaki  in  various  forms  has  been  variously  applied. 
Champlain  and  others,  including  Diereville,  Villebon  and  Father 
Rasle,  applied  it  to  the  Kennebec  Indians,  but  it  has  been  used 
very  commonly  by  others  as  a  general  term,  to  designate  all  of 

14 


the  north-eastern  tribes,  including  even  the  Micmacs.  It  is  gener- 
ally interpreted  to  mean  vieti  of  the  east.  The  \v<ad  Etechemin  is 
by  Maurault  translated  tnen  of  the  siiorv  shoes  kin  country,  but  others 
find  in  it  good  canoe  men.  Happily  we  know  with  certainty  the 
origin  of  the  word  Maliseet.  "  It  is  the  name  Mal-e-see-jik,  from 
the  Micmac  word  Mal-e-seet,  he  speaks  badly."  (Silas  Rand,  letter.) 
Both  tribes  agree  that  this  word  was  adopted  by  the  whites  from 
the  Micmacs,  who  used  it  because  they  considered  Maliseet  a 
very  poor  imitation  of  Micmac.  The  Maliseets  call  themselves 
Woolastukwiuk,  the  Woolasttikw  (St.  John  Rirer)  people.  The 
origins  of  the  words  Souriquoi  and  Micmac  are  unknown,  though 
the  latter  is  suspected  to  be  the  French  word  micmac  applied  io 
them  because  of  their  many  "  medicine  men  "  in  early  times. 

The  published  vocabularies  of  the  Maliseet  tongue  are  very 
few.  Mr.  Pilling  in  his  altogether  admirable  Bibliography  of  the 
Algonquian  languages  has  so  nearly  exhausted  the  subject  that 
we  can  do  no  better  than  refer  all  students  to  his  work.  Omitting 
the  Penobscot  and  Passamaquoddy  dialects  as  foreign  to  our 
purpose,  and  disregarding  scattered  words  in  various  books  of 
travel,  the  only  printed  vocabularies  of  the  Maliseets  are  two.  In 
185  s  there  was  printed  at  Fredericton  a  fourteen-page,  12 mo 
pamphlet,  now  very  rare,  entitled,  "A  primer  for  Young  Children, 
applicable  to  the  Indian  Language  as  spoken  by  the  Mee-lee-ceet 
Tribe  in  New  Brunswick,"  by  John  Stephens.  Five  pages  are 
devoted  to  a  vocabulary,  of  the  merits  of  which  I  am  unable  to 
speak.  In  1865,  Mr.  Henry  Youle  Hind  published  on  page  259 
of  his  "  Preliminary  Report  on  the  Geology  of  New  Brunswick"  a 
vocabulary  of  some  fifty-two  words. 

Among  manuscript  works,  of  great  value  are  those  of  the  late 
Rev.  Dr.  Silas  Rand,  all  of  which  are  now  in  the  Library  of 
Wellesley  College.  In  addition  to  many  translations  into  Maliseet, 
comparisons  with  other  languages,  grammar,  etc.,  he  has  left  two 
long  vocabularies,  one  containing  some  250  quarto  pages  of  words, 
and  the  other  some  90  pages  of  the  same.  Dr.  Rand's  work  is 
always  of  the  best,  and  is  perfectly  reliable,  and  the  publication 
of  tliese  with  other  of  his  manuscripts  would  be  of  inestimable 
value  to  Indian  Philology.  Another  manuscript  vocabulary  is 
that  of  Mr.  Chamberlain  himself,  in  the  Library  of  the  Bureau  of 

IS 


Ethnology  at  Washington,  the  substance  ol  which,  happily,  is 
published  herewith.  Mr.  Pilling  refers  to  a  few  others  in  his 
Bibliography,  but  they  are  of  minor  irnportancp. 

The  very  scantiness  of  this  list  forcibly  illustrates  the  service 
of  such  a  work  as  Mr.  Chamberlain's.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  it 
will  lead  others  who  have  the  fortunate  opportunity,  to  similar  and 
more  extended  studies  upon  this  profitable  topic. 

WILLIAM  F.  GANONG. 

Cambridge,  Mass., 
May,  1893. 


16 


ALPHABET. 


a  as  \n  father. 

a.  as  in  bat. 

k  as  aw  in  thaw. 

ai  as  in  aisle. 

au  as  ow  in  ho7v. 

e  as  <y  in  they. 

S  as  in  when. 

h  as  in  /t^^^. 

i  as  \n  pique. 

i  as  in  pick. 

j  as  inyiaw. 

k  as  in  keel. 

k'  nearly  as  ki,  but  with  the  vowel  sound  very  short. 

kw  nearly  as  gti  in  quick. 

1  as  in  lull. 

m  as  in  mum. 

m'  nearly  as  mii,  but  with  the  vowel  sound  very  short. 

n  as  in  nun. 

o  as  in  note. 

p  as  mpipe. 

s  as  in  sound. 

t  as  in  trace. 

tch  nearly  as  ^^  in  r//«r/r>4. 

u  as  in  tune,  or  as  oo  in  wi><7«. 

ii  as  in  hut. 

w  as  in  wish. 

y  as  in  year. 

yu  as  j'«£/. 

z  as  in  2;^r(7. 


17 


VOCABULARY. 


PERSONS. 


A  man, 

Men, 

A  woman, 

Wom«n, 

Very  old  man, 

Very  old  woman, 

Young  man. 

Young  woman, 

Boy, 

Boys, 

Girl, 

Girls, 

Young  girl. 

Child, 

Infant, 

Infants, 

Male  infant. 

Female  infant, 

Widower, 

Widow, 
^Bachelor, 

Old  maid. 

Old  person, 
"A  bride, 
""A  groom, 


u-ski'-tap. 
u-ski-ta'-pi-yttk. 
e'-pit. 
e-pit'-sik. 
kg-takw'-hum-us. 
kwtis-kwe'-sos. 
u-ski'-nus. 
nak'-skw. 
u-ski-nu'-sis. 
u-ski'-nu-si'-siik. 
pil-skwe'-sis. 
pil-skwe-si'-sttk. 
skwa'-sis. 
wa'-sis. 
pi'-le  wa'-sis. 
pi-le'-yak  wa-si'-suk. 
pi'-le  u-ski-nu'-sis. 
pi'-le  pil-skwe'-sis. 
si-ko-wap'. 
si-koskw'. 

Ica-ke'-ki  u-ski'-nus. 
ka-ke'-ki  nak'-skw. 
k'tchi'-ju  ski'-jgn. 
lu'-so-w6'-skw. 
lu'-su. 


Note. —  Neither  "squaw"  nor  "papoose"  are  words  of  this  language, 
though  the  root  of  squaw  can  be  traced  in  such  words  as  ndkskw,  a  young 
woman ;  pilskwesis,  a  girl,  and  skwasis,  a  young  girl. 


i8 


PARTS  OF  THE  HODY. 


The  head,                 . 

wfin-i-a'-kun. 

Hair, 

pe-fis'-wtil. 

\     Crown, 
^A  scalp. 

wek-wit'-pat. 

tim-hiik'-kCkw. 

Of  (relating  to)  a  scalp, 

pti-sin-kwa'-kiin. 

P'ace, 

si'-siikw. 

Forehead, 

wu'-ttikw. 

Eye, 

si'-siikw. 

v^^^'^all  of  eye, 

mu-kiis-e-wip'-ki-kwa'-witn. 

I'upil  of  eye, 

u-sis'-kwe  u-ski'-tchi-nu'-sis, 

"Eyelash, 

wtis-sa-wa'-ptin. 

E^yebrow, 

wit'-kw. 

An  ear  (or  his  ear). 

o-tchal'-kus. 

My  ear, 

iin-tchar-kiis. 

My  ears. 

tin-tchal'-ku'-si-yul. 

Perforation  in  ear. 

tchis-sa-ha'-so. 

A  nose, 

mi'-tiin. 

End  of  nose  (lower  half), 

ko-ko-pul-ii'-k\vi-tu-na'-witn. 

Point  of  nose. 

kwun-as-kwi'  wi'-tun. 

The  nostrils. 

wi-ttin'-el  mal'-kak. 

Perforation  of  septum  of  nose. 

tchi-su-ha'-so  wi'-tiin. 

The  cheek, 

wun'-u. 

Cheeks, 

wun-ul'. 

The  beard, 

wi'-tu-iil. 

A  mouth. 

lim'-tum. 

A  lip, 

lim'-tum. 

A  tooth, 

mi'-pit. 

A  tongue. 

mi'-mi. 

The  gums, 

we-u'-sa  pi'-ttil. 

The  windpipe, 

u-si-tu-nap'. 

The  saliva, 

sus-siikw'. 

The  palate, 

kwe'-sa-wa-ha'-sit. 

The  throat, 

um-kwti-ta'-kiin. 

The  chin, 

um-ta'-pgk-ki'-kiin. 

The  neck. 

tups-kok'. 

Necks, 

tups-ko'-ki-yiil. 

19 


The  Adam's  apple, 

A  body, 

A  shoulder, 

Shoulders, 

A  shoulder  blade, 

The  breast  of  a  man, 

The  breast  of  a  woman 

(mamma). 
The  nipples, 
The  end  of  backbone, 
The  hip. 
The  belly. 
The  navel, 
An  arm. 
The  right  arm, 
The  left  arm, 
The  arm-pits. 
The  biceps. 
An  elbow, 
A  hand. 

Right  hand, 

Left  hand. 
Palm  of  hand. 
Back  of  hand. 
The  fingers, 
A  thumb. 
First  finger, 
Second  finger, 
Third  finger, 
Little  finger. 
Finger-nail, 
Joint  of  hand, 
A  joint. 
Rump, 
Leg, 
The  leg, 
A  leg. 


} 


tchi'-krm. 

um-hiik'. 

iim-tril-ma'-kftn. 

um-iul-ma'-kiin-til. 

iim-tul'. 

mi-ki'-kun. 

no-sa'-kun-uk. 

wun-i-a'-kiin-ul  no-sa'-kQn-i1k. 

mils'- Slip. 

wu-lo'-kftn. 

wflt. 

wi'-lus. 

&m-pi'-t6n-a'-kw(5m. 

hi-na'-ka-to'-we  pi-t6n-a'-kwem. 

pa'-ta-to'-we  pi-ttJn-a'-kwcm. 

wu-liik-wi'-ul. 

o-tcho'. 

wiis'-kwiin. 

flm-pi'-t5n. 

;  hi-na-ka'-to-we    lim-pi'-tgn   (usually 
I      abbreviated  to  ti'-na-kat'). 

pa-ta-to-we'  lim-pi'-ten,  or  pa-tut. 

la-miltch', 

pa-ka-miltch'. 

pu-sk61-tchan'-ntil. 

lim-tchi'-tchin. 

lin-wi'-kun-ilch. 

na'-wa-kwilch'. 

e'-tan-kip'-wik. 

es'-kwa-kSp'-wik. 

wii'-ktis. 

pgk'-wds-kam'-kil. 

pek-o-wus'-kak. 

ul-kQn-a'-pot. 

kat. 

o-kat'. 

um-kat'. 


20 


Leg  above  knee, 

A  knee, 

A  knee-pan, 

Leg  below  knee. 

Calf  of  leg, 

An  ankle. 

An  instep, 

Foot, 

A  foot, 

Sole  of  foot, 

Hoel, 

A  heel, 

Large  toe, 

Second  toe, 

Third  toe. 

Toe-nail, 

Blood, 

A  vein. 

Brain, 

Bladder, 

Gall, 

A  heart. 

Kidney, 

Lung, 

Liver, 

Stomach  (entrails). 

Spleen, 

Rib, 

Ribs, 

Pulse, 

Spine, 

Foot-print, 

A  voice  or  a  language, 

Hollow  of  the  neck, 

First  joint  of  neck, 

The  skull, 


mikw. 

unj-ki'i-tiikw'. 

iim-kut'-kwis, 

ka-tchi'-kun. 

mfil'-an. 

fim-kul'-akw-hi'-kun. 

tim-tCi-se'-stin. 

sit. 

urn-sit'. 

uni-ti-lam'-si-ta'-wiin. 

mrik'-vviin. 

wtik'-wiin. 

fim-kut-kwe'-sit. 

um-kut'-kwe-sit'-sis. 

iiin-kfit'-kwe-.sit'-sis. 

lim-kiit'-kwe-si'-te  wo'-kus. 

po-ka'-kiin. 

iim-tche'-tchis. 

wi-lit'-pan. 

wCis-si'i-keskw'. 

wi'-sus. 

uni-sa'-hon. 

po-kil'-win. 

wo-piin'-niik, 

o-skwQn'. 

klam'-huk. 

ki-u-nik'. 

pi-ke-vvi'-kiin. 

pi-ke-wi'-kiin-ul. 

lim-sii-ho'-nap. 

wa-wi'-kun. 

e-lap'-tak. 

um-si'-tiin. 

tchiis-mis'-kip. 

sin'-mats. 

wii-sti-ki-a'-ttip. 


31 


kKI.AllONSim'S. 

Wife,  said  by  husband,  ni-si-wl'-f^k. 

Husl)aiul,  said  by  wife,  ni-si-wi'-ck. 

Soil,  said  by  parent,  fin'-kwus. 

Father,  said  by  ciiild,  un-mi'-tauks. 

Mother,  said  by  child,  ni'-ko-iis. 

KIder  brother,  said  by  younger  )  -     ■    '    • 

'.           -^  •'               •  im-he  -sis. 

Ijrother  or  sister,  » 

Youiiijer  brotiier,  said  by  elder  }  .,     . 

*'                                             •  "o-si  -mis. 

brother  or  sister,  » 

Elder  sister,  said  by  youncer   )  .        ^  ,    . 

'             3  J       b       I  un-inu3 -SIS. 

brother  or  sister,  ) 

Younger  sister,  said  by  elder     )  ./     . 

^               ■>            J                I  no-si-mis. 

brother  or  sister,  \ 

Daughter-in-law,  said  by  parent,  un'-sQm. 

Son-in-law,  said  by  parent,  iin-tlo'-sfik. 

Father-in-law,  said  by  child,  un-sil'-hos. 

Mother-in-law,  said  by  child,  ttn-suk'-wus. 
My  son-in-law  (after  death  of  wife),    no-siis'-sap. 

My  daughter-in-law  (after  death  of  }  •  a,    ' 

husband),  ) 

Sister's  husband,  said  by  brother,  un-ma'-kii-tfim. 

Wife's  brother,  said  by  husband,  lin-ina'-kii-tem. 

Husband's  younger  sister,  said  by  >      , .  . 

wife,  S 

Brother's  wife,  said  by  sister,  nu'-takw. 

Husband's  younger  sister's  has-  )      /.  , 

band,  said  by  wife,  ) 

Wife's  brother's  wife,  said  by  hus-  )      ,     . 

band,  ) 
Brother's  wife,  said  by  elder  brother,   nil'-mus. 

Husband's  brother,  said  by  wife,  nil'-mus. 

Husband's  brother's  wife,  said  by  )     •  tcho'-s"! 

wife,  ) 

Husband's  sister,  said  by  wife,  nu'-takw. 

Husband's  sister's  husband,  said  )      , .  , 

>  ne  -tcnos. 

by  wife,  ) 

Wife's  sister,  said  by  husband,  nil'-mus. 

22 


sister's  husband,  said  by  sister,  nil'-mus. 

Wife's  sister's   luisbaiui,   s.iid   bv    )       ,     . 
,      ,        ,  '     >  ne  -tchos. 

tmsband,  ) 

My  brother's  wife  calls  my  wife,  nit-se-kd»'. 

My  sister's  husband  calls  my  wife,  nitse-k^s'. 

My  grandfather,  fin-mu'-siimps 

My  grandmother,  no'-ko-miis. 

A  graiuifather  is  addressed  as  mu-scj-me'. 

A  grandmother  is  addressed  as  no'-ko-mi. 

My  grandson,  said  by  grandparent,  un-kwo'-niis. 

My  granddaughter,  said  by  grand-    ).     ,       ,    „ 
"  -^  ®  -  un-kwe  -nus. 

parent,  ) 

My  grandson's  wife. 

My  granddaughter's  husband, 

My  motiier's  l)rother, 

My  father's  brother, 

My  nephew, 

My  niece. 

My  mother's  sister, 

My  father's  sister. 

My  husband's  sister's  son. 

My  mother's  brother's  wife. 

His  mother's  brother's  wife. 

My  husband's  sister's  daughter, 

My  mother's  brother's  wife. 

My  husband's  brother's  son, 

My  wife's  brother's  son, 

My  wife's  brother's  daughter, 

My  father's  sister's  son,  said  by    >     ^  »  / 1    y 
^     ,  .  '  ^     }■  nu-ta  -kwGs 

male  cousm, 

My  mother's  brother's  son,  said 

by  male  cousin, 
My  father's  sister's  daughter,  said 

by  male  cousin, 

My  mother's  brother's  son,  said    )  „     ^..„ 
,  ,  .  }■  un-tul  -num 

by  lemale  cousm,  ) 

My  father's  brother's  son,  said  by    >  u       ,     v 


un  -sum. 

un-to-lo'-.suk. 

lin-kla-miik'-sis. 

nits-a'-liikw. 

fm-tu-wa'-stim. 

tm-stim'-mfls. 

tm-ki'-sis. 

no'-kum. 

niil'-kiim-is. 

no'-kiim. 

o'-kii-mul. 

lin-stim'-us. 

un-ki'-sis. 

niil-o'-kiin-is. 

niil-o'-kun-is. 

fin-siim'-iis. 


i 


[■  lin-si'-wSs. 

>■  lin-pe-hdn'-mum. 


male  cousin, 


i 


23 


My  father's  brother's   daughter,    ) 
said  by  male  cousin,  ) 

My  father's  brother's  son,  said  by 
female  cousin, 

My  father's  elder  sister's  daughter,- 
said  by  female  cousin, 

My  mother's  elder  brother's  daugh- 
ter, said  by  female  cousin. 

My  father's  elder  brother's  daugh- 
ter, said  by  female  cousin, 

My  mother's  younger  brother's 
daughter,  said  by  female  cousin. 

My  father's  elder  sister's  daughter, 
said  by  female  cousin, 

My  mother's  sister's  son,  said  by 
male  cousin. 

My  mother's  sister's  son,  said  by 
female  cousin, 

My  mother's  cousin's  daughter, 
said  by  female  cousin. 

My  husband's  mother's  brother's 
son,  said  by  female  cousin-in-law, 

My  wife's  mother's  brother's  son, 
said  by  male  cousin-in-law. 

My  husband's  mother's  brother's 
daughter's  husband,  said  by 
female  cousin-in-law, 

My  wife's  father's  sister's  son,  said 
by  male  cousin-in-law, 

My  husband's  sister's  daughter's 
husband,  said  by  female  cousin- 
in-law, 

My  great-grandson,  un-pi 

My  great-granddaughter,  tin-pi 

My  great-grandfather,  iin-pi 

My  great-grandmother,  iin-pi 

My  grandnephew,  iin-pi 

My  grandniece,  tin-pi 


-  un-pe-h^n'-mum. 
[•  un-tul'-num. 
[•  nu-takw'-sis. 
y  nu-takw'-sis. 
[■  nti-takw'-sis, 
[■  nit-se-kes'. 
>■  nit-se-kes', 
>■  lin-si'-wes. 
[•  tin-ttil'-num. 
[-  nit-se-kgs'. 
[■  nil'-mus. 
[•  nil'-mus. 

nil'-mus. 
nil'-mus. 

nil'-mus. 


-tu-in  kwe'-nus. 
tu-in  kwe'-nus. 
tu-in  un-mu'-stimps. 
-tu-in  no'-ko-mus. 
-tu-in  tu-a'-sum. 
-tu-in  tu-a'-sum. 


24 


My  grand-uncle,  un-pi'-tu-in  kla-muk'-sis. 

My  grand-aunt,  tin-pi'-tu-in  kla-muk'-sis. 

My  great-grandson's  wife,  un-suni'. 

My  great-granddaughter's  husband,    un-to-lo'-sukw. 

My  husband's  great-grandfather,         un-sil'-hos. 

My  wife's  great-grandfather, 

My  wife's  great-grandmother, 

My  husband's  great-grandmother. 

My  step-son. 

My  step-daughter. 

My  step-father. 

My  step-mother, 

My   great-grandparents    call    my    )  v.    ,  ,   . 
.7  ,  ,r    ,  Sun-to -tern, 

wife  s  great-grandfather,  ) 

My   great-grandparents    call    my    >  „    ^    ,„     „  ,     , 
.",  ,        ,  ^     S  un-to-tem-iskw . 

wife  s  great-grandmother. 


lin-sil'-hos, 

un-sttk'-wiis. 

un-suk'-wus. 

un-ta'-pa-kwi  ni'-kiin. 

iin-ta'^pa-kwi  ni'-kiin. 

ijn-mu'-siinips. 

no'-ko-mus. 


f 


My  god-father. 

My  god-mother. 

My  god-child, 

My  god-child's  mother. 

My  god-child's  father. 

My  child's  god-parent, 

The  first  born  boy, 


The  first  born  girl, 

Orphan,  father  or  mother  dead. 
Orphan,  father  an(/  mother  dead, 

Still-born  child, 

My  father,  after  his  death. 

My  mother,  after  her  death, 

A  father. 

My  father, 

Your  father, 

His  (or  her)  father, 


un-kel'-nit. 

un-kel'-nit. 

un-kul-ne'-kQn. 

lin-ma'-ko-per-miskw. 

un-ma'-ko-pel'-lum. 

un-kel'-nit. 

iim-skwa-se'-we(the  first  one). 

ne-mi'-kwu-sit  (born). 

ski-no'-sis  (a  boy). 

lim-skwa-se'-we  (the  first  one). 

ne-mi'-kwii-sit  (born). 

pil-skwe'-sis  (a  girl). 

ki'-pus. 

ses'-si-mi  ki'-pus. 

me-tchi-nem'  ne-mi-kwus'-so 

(dead  born), 
Qn-mi-tauks'. 
ni-ko-us'. 
we-kwus'-sit. 
un-mi'-tauks. 
kii-mi'-tauks. 
o-mi-tauk'-siil. 


25 


Their  father, 

Our  father, 

A  mother. 

My  mother. 

Your  mother. 

His  (or  her)  mother. 

Our  mother. 

Their  mother, 

A  brother  (or  a  sister), 

My  elder  brother. 

My  younger  brother. 

My  elder  sister. 

My  younger  sister, 

Your  brother, 

His  (or  her)  brother. 

Their  brother, 

My  son, 

Your  son. 

His  (or  her)  son. 

Our  son, 

Their  son, 

My  daughter. 

Your  daughter, 

His  (or  her)  daughter. 

Our  daughter, 

A  spouse, 

My  wife  (or  husband), 

Your  wife  (or  husband), 

His  wife  or  her  husband, 

A  brother  (fellow-man), 

A  friend, 


o-mi-tauks'-wal. 

kii-mi-tauk'-siin. 

wi-ko-us'-wit. 

wi-ko'-iis. 

ki-ko'-tts. 

wi-ko-us'-Siil. 

ki-ko-wii'-siin. 

wi-ku-us'-wal. 

wi-tchi-ki-ti'-ek. 

im-he'-sis. 

no-si'-mis. 

un-miis'-sis. 

no-si'-mis. 

wi-tchi'-ki-ti-ekw', 

wi-tchi-ki'-ti-ti'-chel. 

wi-tchi-ki'-ma-ti'-chel . 

un-kwus'. 

kil-kwiis'. 

o-kwtis'-sul. 

un-kwQs'-sun. 

o-kwiis'-wal. 

iin-tus'. 

kil  kG-tus'  or  iik-kii-tus'. 

iin-tus'. 

fin-tus'-son. 

i-spa-ka'-di-man-i'-im. 

ni-si-wi'-akw. 

kii-ni-si-wi'-akw. 

o-ni-si-wi-ti'-chSl. 

un-se'-w6s. 

ni'-tchi. 


SOCIAL  AND  GOVERNMENTAL  ORGANIZATION. 

A  family  (of  father,  mother  and   \  ^n-ko'-tu-wa-si'-suk. 

children),  ' 

A  gens  or  clan  (all  who  bear  the    )  ^n.^^a-to'-kak. 

same  name),  ' 

Gentes  or  clans,  un-kwa-to'-ki-yak. 

26 


The  Dog  gens, 
The  Bear  gens, 
The  Pig  gens, 

Nickname  for  the  Pig  gens, 

A  tribe, 

A  confederacy  of  tribes, 

Chief  of  tribe  (council  chief). 

Assistant  chief, 

Captain, 

Captains, 

Chief  of  confederacy, 

War  chief, 

A  warrior, 

Council, 

Council  chamber, 

The  Maliseet  tribe, 

A  Maliseet, 


el-mus'-wa-ko-tu-mo-ti'-chik. 

mu'-i-ne-wa-ko-tu-mo-ti'-chik. 

pik'-su-a-ko-tu-mo-ti'-ch  i  k . 
S  kal'-ki-e-wi-ti'-chik  (the   half- 
(      breeds). 

Qn-kwut-to'-ktim-ik-su'-wiik. 

ma-wo-ka'-tchik. 
*sa'-ki'im. 

(  lep-ta'-net    (formerly    nie-a'- 
i      wSt). 

kap'-tin. 

kap'-ti-nuk. 

k'tchi-sa'-kiini. 

mut-a-pe'-kwi-sa'-ktim. 

miit-a-pe'-kwin. 

po-tu-wu'-sin. 

po'-tu-wus  wik'-wam. 

wu-las-tuk'-wi-yuk. 

wu-las'-tukw. 


The  Micmac  nickname  for  a  Maliseet,  ma'-li-sit 
Plural, 


Another  Micmac  nickname, 

Maliseet  nickname  for  Micmac, 

Opponents, 

My  friend  —  one  of  my  clan, 

My  friend  —  not  of  my  clan, 

My  enemy, 

A  slave, 

An  Indian, 

A  white  man, 

An  Englishman, 

A  Frenchman, 


(  ma-li-si'-tchik    (the  broken 

(.      talkers), 

j  ku-iis'-wes-ki-tchi-nu'-uk  (the 

(.      muskrat  people). 

^  ma-t6-wgs'-wgs-ki-tchi-nu'-tik 

(      (the  porcupine  people). 

ni'-sit-spi-te'-yOk. 

lin-si'-wgn. 

Qn-si'-u. 

ke-ton'-lit. 

we'-kon. 
f  o-ski'-tchin  (lit,  a  human  be- 
X      ing). 

wa-pe'-it  ski'- tap. 
(  o-ski'-tchi-mu'-uk  or  i-ku-lis'- 
1      mun. 

plets'-mun. 


*In  addressing  the  chief  they  used  the  word   un-sa'-kum-iim,  which  is 
equivalent  to  my  chief — my  lord. 

27 


RELIGION. 

The  Great  Spirit  (the  white  man's  )     «i    m 

^    ,           ^  y  nuks  -i<am. 

God),  ) 

A  hero  god,  ki-nap'  (fear  nothing). 

Hero  gods,  ki-na'-pi-yiik. 

A  mythical  old  man,  greater  than  )  .  -  i     / . 

the  kinapiyiik,  ) 

The   ancient,  wonderful   men    of  )  „      ,      /        ,  >.,  , 

'  y  um-kan  -so-skuk  . 

the  past,  ) 

The  future  world,  spiim'-kik. 

A  spirit  or  angel,  ke-tauks'. 

A  ghost  —  departed  spirit  returned,    ki-se-kii-pi'-sit. 

A  dead  body,  un-po-in'. 

A  spirit  or  soul,  lim'-tchu-tchakw. 

Grave  in  the  ground,  po'-skun-i-kun-a'-lukw. 

Burying  (a  body),  po-skiin'-a. 

A  coffin  of  wood  or  bark,  skiin-i'-kiin. 

DRESS  AND  ORNAMENTS. 

Man's  hat  or  cap,  a-so'-su-wun. 

Man's  hunting  cap,  wes-siim-wu'-suk. 

Woman's  hat  or  cap,  e-pi'-tu-we  a-so'-su-wun. 

Woman's  peaked  cap,  old  style,  om-ne-ki-a'-siik. 

Head-dress  of  feathers,  wip-kon-ha'-sik  a-so'-su-wun. 

Mask,  tche-po-tes'-we. 

Necklace  of  claws,  wo-kiis'-i-iik. 

Man's   coat   or  gown   Cextending  )     ^    ,     ^, 

*^          ^               ^  }■  pes-kwu  -nas. 

from  shoulder  to  ankle),  ) 

Man's  coat,  old  style,  extending  \    ,         ,     ^  ,,  „          ^  r,     ^ 

,  ,         ^         ,  ,        r  (  a  -su-e-ke-to  -kun     pus  -kwu- 

from   shoulders  to  ankles,  fas-  >• 

.  ,   ,    ,  i      nas. 

tened  at  waist  with  belt,  ) 

Woman's  loose  jacket,  mat'-let. 

Cloth  shirt,  a-tol'-hal 

Cloth  skirt  —  woman's  —  extend 

ing  from  waist  to  ankles. 

Breech  clout,  mul-lek'. 

Belt  worn  next  to  the  skin,  o-tche-tche'-sun. 

Straps  from  belt  to  leggings,  o-tun-nus'-sum-ul. 

28 


I  e'-pit  o-tul-pi'- 


su-wun. 


Garters  for  leggings, 

Leggings, 

Moccasin, 

Moccasins, 

Costume — from  head  to  foot, 

Blanket, 

Robe  of  deer  skin  —  to  lie  on, 

Beaver  skin, 

Otter  skin, 

Moose  skin. 

Caribou  skin, 

Bear  skin. 

Rabbit  skin, 

Paint  for  the  face, 

Paint  for  wigwam, 

Black  paint, 

Red  paint, 

Scarlet  paint, 

Yellow  paint. 

Tattoo  marks. 

Thread  of  sinew. 

Thread  of  skin, 

Wampum, 

Picture  writing. 


ki-kijn-na'-pi-iil. 

kun-ne-so'-nul. 

m'ciis'-siin. 

m'cus'-stin-ul. 

ul'-kwut-e-wa'-kun. 

a-so-hon'. 

ne'-kiis-son. 

miit'-te-ka. 

ki-u'-ni-ke'-u. 

mu-su-te'-kiin. 

mii-ka'-lip-we'-u. 

lim-skwe'-u. 

ma'-tti-kwes-we'-u. 

so-ke'-wiin. 

son-he'-kun. 

mS-ku-se-we'-ik  so-ke'-wiin. 

me-kwe'-ik  so-ke'-wiin. 

kes-tchtts'-it  so-ke'-wun. 

wes-a-we'-ik  son-hi'-kun. 

at-ha'-so. 

tiin'-u-wan, 

wul-o'-kes. 

wan'-pap. 

kapskw. 


DWELLINGS. 


Birch-bark  wigwam. 

Spruce-bark  wigwam. 

Slab  wigwam, 

"  Lean-to,"  open  in  front, 

Peaked  wigwam, 

Council  wigwam, 

A  house, 

A  room, 

A  parlor, 

A  kitchen, 
Wigwam  pole, 


{ 


m  as'-k  we-wik'- warn . 

po-kwa'-ha-wi'-kan. 

pe-sik'-suk-wik'-wam. 

a-ne-pe'-kan. 

kwiin-os-kwi'-ke-wam. 

po'-tc-wus-wik'-wam. 

wSn-o-tchik'-wam. 

pe-kwe'-ti-a'-suk-a-ha'-sik. 

lam'-siik. 

no-tak'-we-wik'-wam  (lit.,  a 

cooking  house), 
hiip-piis'-i-akw'. 


29 


Doorway  of  wigwam. 

Doorflap  of  wigwam, 

Mat  for  wigwam, 

Bed, 

Fire, 

Blaze, 

Living  coal, 

Dead  coal, 

Ashes, 

Smoke, 

Soot, 

Fireplace, 

Firewood, 

Poker, 

Camp-fire  (outside), 

Back-log, 

Side-logs, 


kC'-ha'-kiin. 

ke-so'-son. 

ne'-kus-son. 

ku-wot'. 

skwut. 

si'-si-u. 

lu-se'-kut. 

miik'-us, 

top'-kwan. 

pu-kiit'. 

kwa'-ko-pijs. 

skwiit'-e-to'tch. 

pe-u'-su-kos. 

ma-ti-pi'-kiin. 

miit-to'-tu-a'-kun. 

k'to-wan'. 

niim-jin'-si-hi'-kiS-ntil. 


IMPLEMKNTS  AND  UTENSILS. 


Bow  of  wood. 
Bow-string, 
■  Arrow, 
Notch  in  end  of  arrow  for  bow-string. 
Notch  in  end  of  arrow  for  arrow-head. 
Arrow-head, 
Point  of  arrow-head. 
Arrow-shaft, 
Feathered  arrow. 
Quiver, 
Quiver  strap. 
War  club, 
War  spear, 
Fish  spear, 
Sling, 
A  canoe, 
My  canoe, 
Drum, 
Fish  line, 

30 


tap'. 

pe-si'-mim. 

pakw. 

p5-sen'-ske-ha'-so. 

fm-kakw-sa'-so. 

su'-wan. 

kwun-as'-kwi-u. 

pakw. 

wip-hon-ha'-sik  pakw. 

su-wa-ni'-niit. 

wiis'-kwap. 

iim-skwu'-tchis. 

tii-kti-ti'-ktin. 

ni-ka'-kwul. 

lik'-pe-ma'-sot. 

hii-kwi'-tGn. 

iin-tol'. 

piikw-ho-la'-kiin. 

iim-ki-kii-nap'. 


Fish  net, 

Fish  hook, 

Snare  for  catching  rabbits, 

Fishing  rod. 

Bait  for  fishing, 

Fishing  tackle. 

Flies  for  fishing, 

Pipe, 

Pipe  of  stone, 

Pipe-stem  of  wood, 

Large  sled, 

Hand  sled, 

Flat  hunting  sled  —  toboggan. 

Snow  shoes, 

Birch-bark  water  jug, 

Birch-bark  sap  bowl, 

Birch-bark  dish. 

Basket, 

Berry  basket. 

Trinket  basket, 

Fish  basket, 

A  small  basket. 

Cup  of  wood, 

Bowl  of  wood. 

Stone   mortar. 

Stone  pestle, 

A  chain, 

Chain  and  pot-hook  (to  suspend 
over  a  fire). 

Wooden  withe  and  crotch  (to  sus- 
pend over  a  fire), 

A  stick  with  one  end  in  the  ground, 
the  other  bent  over  a  fire  (to 
hang  a  pot  upon), 

Toasting  stick, 

Horn  cup, 

Horn  spoon, 


hap. 

ttm-ki'-ktin. 

la-pCk-tu-wa'-kQn. 

Qm-ki-ku-na'-ttikw. 

a-me-miik-wa'-kun. 

lim-si'-yu  61-me-ke'-mflk. 

a-ma-ke-si'-siik. 

ttim-a'-ktin. 

pti-nap-skwa'-siin-is. 

u-ttim-a-kttn-a'-ttikw. 

ta-pa'-kiin. 

ta-pa-ktin-us'-sis. 

ta-pa-nas'-ktik. 

ha'-kum-mtil. 

pot'-hats. 

stis-kits'. 

ta'-kGn. 

hiip-pQs'-sim-ot'. 

tu-wi-na'-kiin. 

tu-wa'-ta-sot'. 

nS-me'-si-not'. 

htip-piis'-sun-ot-e'-sis. 

hup-pus'-i-e-kwat'-sis. 

hftp-pus'-i-a'-let. 

pi-tQ-ha-sot'. 

ni-ma'-ktin. 

iil-na-kwa'-pi-niil. 

I  k'tchip-la-kwa'-kiin-iil. 
>  k'tchip-la-kwa'-kiin. 


I 


na-pi'-ta-kwa'-kiin 
(or)  ko-ka'-tukw. 

sakw-hi'-kiin. 
a-hal'-ne  kwat'-sis. 
a-hal'-ne  nu'-kwan. 


3» 


FOOD. 


Porridge, 

Fresh  meat, 

Salted  meat, 

Fresh  beef. 

Salted  beef, 

Veal, 

Pork, 

Ham, 

Mutton, 

Butter, 

Eggs, 

Beans, 

Potatoes, 

Turnips, 

Carrots, 

Corn, 

Soup, 

Corn  soup, 

A  pie. 

Preserved  fruit, 

Sweet  cake, 

Sweets, 

Medicine, 


ttn-sa'-pan. 

ske'-wiikw  (or)  wi'-os. 

sa-la'-we-ti-kiin  wi'-os. 

pi'-le  ku-o'-se. 

sa-la'-we-ti-kiin  ku-o'-se. 

ku-o-si'-se. 

p!k'-se. 

wik-plas-ti'-kiin. 

hus-si'-pe. 

mfll-auks'-si'-piin. 

wa-u'-ntil. 

malts-kwfis-si'-tSl. 

pttt-se-te'-siil. 

we'-nuts-wi'-pa-ntik. 

wi-sa'-wukw-si'-tchik. 

pi-6s-ktim'-nul. 

ke-sip'. 

pi-6s-kum-nek'-3ip. 

we'-yus-ha'-sit. 

su'-napt. 

mak'-wan-ha'-sit  htip'-pOn. 

mak-wa'-ni  po'-kil. 

nu-pi'-sftn. 


MAMMALS. 


Bat, 

Beaver, 

Young  beaver, 

Beaver  of  third  year, 

Bear, 

Caribou, 

Bull  caribou. 

Cow  caribou. 

Young  caribou, 

Wild  cat, 

Loup-cervier, 


pu-kii-ta-te'-mtis. 

kwa-pit'. 

kwa-pit-e'-sis. 

piil-um'-skw. 

mu'-win  (or)  mu'-in. 

muk-a'-lip. 

miik-a'-lip-i'-ap. 

mtik-a-lip'-gl'. 

miik-a'-li-puk'-sis. 

pu'-so. 

a-pik'-w2.-si'-kiin. 


32 


Domestic  cat, 

Cow, 

Dog, 

An  Indian's  dog, 

A  white  man's  dog, 

Hunting  dog, 

Moose  dog, 

Partridge  dog. 

Deer, 

Buck  deer. 

Doe, 

Fox, 

Silver  fox, 

Fisher, 

Ground  hog, 

Horse, 

Mink, 

House  mouse. 

Field  mouse, 

Mole, 

Moose, 

Bull  moose, 

Cow  moose, 

Calf  moose. 

Yearling  moose, 

Muskrat, 

Otter, 

Porcupine, 

Rat, 

Rabbit  (hare), 

Raccoon, 

Sable, 

Skunk, 

Squirrel,  gray, 

Squirrel,  ground, 

Squirrel,  flying, 

Squirrel,  red, 

Weasel, 


ptl-su'-is. 

ka-hus'. 

Ol'-mus. 

Ol-Qn'-sam, 

we'-not-swa'-sQm. 

ktit'-tin-ke-an'-stim. 

mu-se-wa'-sfim. 

mu-tche'-gs-wa'-sOm. 

hGt'-tok. 

hQt-tok'-i-ap. 

hat-tok-er. 

kwokw'-sGs. 

w6n-ho'-kgt  kwokw'-stis. 

puk-Qmk'. 

mo-nlm-kwSs'. 

ha-has'. 

tchi-a-k6s'. 

to'-kis. 

to'-kis. 

61-mansk'. 

mus. 

mus-i-ap'. 

mus-gl'. 

mus'-sis. 

ni-je-ats'. 

kai-u'-hiis. 

ki-u-nik'. 

ina-tu-wSs', 

k'tchi-to'-kis  (or)  a-puk'-sis. 

ma-tu-kw6s'. 

Ss'-pttnts. 

ni-makw'-su-Ss'. 

a-pik-tchi'-lu. 

k'tchi-mi'-ko. 

a-sa-ko'-akw. 

saks-ka'-tu. 

mi'-ko. 

sti-kwSs'. 


33 


White  weasel  (winter  pelage), 

Woodchuck, 

Seal,  harbor, 

Seal,  hooded, 

Whale, 

Wolverine  (Indian  devil). 

Wolf, 


wA-pe-sQ-kwfis'. 

mo-nlm-kwes'. 

a-kikw'. 

pCt'-kwat-pal'. 

po-tep'. 

laks. 

mar-sdm. 


BIRDS. 


Bird, 

Small  bird, 

Bittern, 

Bluejay, 

Blackbird,  rusty. 

Blackbird,  red-winged. 

Blackbird,  crow. 

Bunting,  snow. 

Bobolink, 
Brant, 

Chickadee, 

Catbird, 

Chimney  swallow, 

Cedarbird, 

Cross-bill, 

Creeper,  brown, 

Crow, 

Cormorant, 

Cuckoo, 

Duck,  domestic, 

Duck,  buffel-head. 

Duck,  black. 

Duck,  gadwall. 

Duck,  golden-eye, 

Duck,  hooded  merganser, 

Duck,  harlequin. 


{ 


sips. 

sip'-sis. 

no-ktim'-iis. 

ti-ti-as'. 

tchftk-wu-luskw'. 

ma-kwil'-kwiin-at, 

6s-w61'-nat. 

wS-pe-ki-lakw'-sis 

(or)  pu-san-i-2s'. 
sau'-ni-tchiik-wu-lQskw'. 
ma'-kwii-la-we'-ik. 
3  kut-e-ki'-tchi-lu'-e 
t      (or)  tchG-ki'-ki-la'-sis. 
pg-su-e-sip'-sis. 

pe'-ta-ki-6s'-sis. 

nie'-kwi-mos-ma'-sit. 

kw2-si'-wis. 

wiil-kes'-kwts. 

ka-ka'-kos. 

hiik-wuns'. 

p6t'-mn-nat. 

ma-t6-he'-sim. 

so-pe'-kwi-€s'. 

mii-tg-he'-slm. 

wa-pe-kwGs-i'-ko, 

hiim'-kwal-kw6s'. 

hiik-wuns'. 

pi'-topskw. 


34 


Duck,  mallard, 
Duck,  merjjanser, 
Duck,  old  squaw, 
Duck,  sheikh ake. 
Duck,  wood, 
Kagle,  golden, 
Eagle,  bald-headed. 
Finch,  grass. 
Finch,  purple, 
Finch,  thistle. 
Flicker, 
Gannet, 
Goose,  Canada, 
Goose,  domestic, 
Gosling,  domestic, 
Grackle,  purple. 
Grebe, 

Grosbeak,  pine, 
Grouse,  Canada, 
Grouse,  ruffed. 
Gull, 

Gull,  black-backed, 
Gull,  herring, 
Gull,  white, 
Gyrfalcon, 
Humming-bird, 
Hawk, 
Hawk,  fish. 
Hawk,  night, 
Hawk,  sharp-shinned. 
Heron,  great  blue, 
Heron,  night. 

Jay,  Canada, 

Junco, 
Kingbird, 


ka-wiJs'. 

fim-skut'-se-me-kwCs'. 

ha'-ha-vvcis'  (or)  e'-slks. 

kwus-i'-ko. 

lun-tii-kwi-hCs'. 

k'-tchi-pla'-kun. 

wap'-so-k6s'. 

wa-plk'-pi, 

niL'kwe'-it. 

wa-pi'-ku-wokw'-sis. 

tu-wa-luts. 

ta-takw'. 

wap-tukw'. 

wa'-pi-ki'-iakw. 

wa'-pi-ki-iakw'-sis. 

Cs-W(5r-nat. 

a'-sops. 

a'-mun-ha'-kiikw. 

mu-tchi-6s'. 

se-se-ka'-ti-ke-Ss'. 

ki-akw'. 

ki'-as. 

ki-a'-sis. 

wa'-pe-ki-akw'. 

wa'-pe-wii'-ha. 

a-la-mus'-sit. 

o'-wu-ha. 

i'-se-me-kwes'. 

pik'-tchus-kwes'. 

ke'-kgk-wis  (or)  o'-wu-ha'-sis. 

ka'-skw. 

tchi-ma-kwa'-ha. 

iim'-kun-e-wus-s6s' 
(or)  ktis'-kus-se-kwes' 
(or)  um-skfm'-kwQs 
(or)  wu'-tchi-kiin'-i-es. 

po'-kus-na-wi-hS'-sis. 

mus-nu-tches'. 


35 


Kingfisher, 

Loon, 

Loon,  red-throated, 

Maitin,  purple. 

Nuthatch, 

Ovenbird, 

Owl, 

Owl,  barred. 

Owl,  great  horned, 

Owl,  long-eared. 

Owl,  saw-whet, 

Owl,  snowy. 

Partridge, 

Petrel, 

Phalarope, 

Pigeon, 

Plover,  black-bellied. 

Plover,  ring-necked, 

Raven, 

Redstart, 

Robin, 

Sandpiper, 

Sandpiper,  solitary, 

Snipe, 

Snipe,  yellow-legs. 
Sparrow, 

Sparrow,  Savannah, 
Sparrow,  song. 

Sparrow,  white-throated. 

Swallow, 
Swift,  chimney, 
Tanager,  scarlet. 


1 


kJls-kfim-niis'. 
hiik-wim'. 
a'-sops. 
ha'-tclu'is 

(or)  k'tchi-a-pCsk-ha'-tchtis. 
tchi'-ti-wa-ti-wOm'-tas 

(or)  wul-kils'-kwis. 
sa'-ki-piik-niik'-sis. 
a'-se-kat'. 
ko-kok-hiis'. 
ti'-tuk-ul. 
a'-se-kat'. 
kap-ka-mus'. 
wa-pe'-yit  ko-kok-his'. 
se-se-ka'-ti-ke-£s'. 
pis-e-m(Vha'-sit. 
ki-kos-ko-wCs'-sis. 

pa-ies'. 

tchi-wa'-wi-ka-tSs'. 

kCk-mas-kwa'-sit. 

k'tchi-ka-kak'. 

skwut-6s'-sis. 

tchi'-la-tchi'-li 

(or)  om'-kwi-pu-se-h§s'. 
ne-ne-mek'-tchtis 

(or)  tchi-sis'-ko-wes'-sis. 
tcho'-tcho-i-ko-t6s'. 
k'tchi'-tchQs-ko-\v6s' 

(or)  nek'-skwi-ko-wgs'-sis. 
tchi'-sis-ko-wfis'. 
ki'-ka-ni-e'-sis. 
stil-siil-si-li'. 
ka'-kas-kOl-tchgs'-sis. 
kii-lak'-sis 

(or)  wa-pe'-pe. 
e-p6sk-hiit'-tchiis. 
pe'-ta-ki-es'-sis. 
a-mun-ha'-tiikw. 


{ 


36 


Teal, 

Teal,  blue-wing  *d, 

Teal,  green-wingi'd. 

Tern, 

Titmouse, 
Thrush,  hermit. 
Thrush,  Wilson's, 
Warbler,  yellow, 
Wliippoorvvill, 

Widgeon, 

Woodcock, 
Woodpecker, 

Woodpecker,  black-backed. 
Woodpecker,  downy  or  hairy, 
Woodpecker,  pileated, 
Woodpecker,  yellow-bellied, 

Wren,  winter, 


a'-wat-wJfs', 

a'-wat-we'-sis. 

k'tchi-a'-wat-w«Js'. 
J  ki-akw'-sis 
(      (or)  nik-tu-lti-ntis'. 

tchu-ki'-ki-Ia'-sis. 

at'-Ia-kwe-o'-timi. 

ta-ne'-li-an. 

u-si'-wis. 

htt-wip'-o-lis'. 
f  mu-le'-tchi-so-ytis'-sis 
I      (or)  mur-tch(5s-sris'-sis. 

nekw-ski-ko-es'-sus. 

a-pa'-kwus-sc's'. 

muk-se'-wi-a-pa'-kwus-sCs. 

tchi'-kwa-lakw. 

am-kwat'-pdt. 

pak'-a-kwil'-ha. 

ha'-lam-sii-pi-e'-sis 
(or)  wai-nok'-tchiis. 


I 


FISH. 


Bass, 

Chub, 

Codfish, 

Cusk, 

Catfish, 

Dogfish, 

Eel, 

Flounder, 

Gaspereaux, 

Halibut, 

Haddock, 

Hake, 

Herring, 

Mackerel, 

Perch,  white, 


miik-ak'. 

pQ-nSp-skwds'. 

nQk-mfikw'. 

sa'-kQm. 

mu-te-p5s'. 

sik-lat'. 

kat. 

a-n6k-w2s'. 

si-kwun-iim-ekw'. 

um-sa-nikw'. 

tchil-na'-sit. 

kul-pa'-pe-ki'-kiin-tis. 

pel-kwakw'-sit. 

a-mal'-mekw. 

po-ka'-ktin. 


37 


Perch,  yellow, 

at'-sak-wa'-lus. 

Pollock, 

pes'-kti-tum. 

Pickerel, 

kwun-os'. 

Porpoise, 

tchiis'-pgs. 

Salmon, 

pii-lam'. 

Shad, 

tim-sam'. 

Shark, 

pes'-ka-mal-wSts'. 

Sturgeon, 

pa'-si-kiis. 

Skate, 

hup. 

Smelt, 

su-mei'-sis. 

Sucker, 

ki-kamkw'. 

Swordfish, 

pi'-tchus-e'-ka-nat. 

Trout,  brook. 

sko'-tum. 

Trout,  salmon, 

plam-u'-sis. 

Togue, 

ta-kwa'-na. 

Oyster, 

mi-tSs'-sis. 

Clam, 

e'-siik.                                 t 

Lobster, 

nu-sak'. 

A  fish. 

num-es'. 

A  young  fish. 

nQm-e'-sis. 

Spawn, 

piin-e'-me-kwa'-niik. 

Roe, 

siik-a-wa'-niik. 

Male  fish. 

na-pe'-mekw. 

Female  fish, 

skwe'-mekw. 

REPTILES. 

Frog, 

chuk-wults'. 

Bullfrog, 

a-ta-kei'-miiskw. 

Toad, 

am-lisk-te-ha'-sit. 

Turtle,  mud, 

k'tchi-kQn-nakwts'. 

A  snake. 

at'-ho-sus'. 

Snake,  green, 

wi'-sa-wi'-pQk-g-tch^s'. 

Snake,  red-bellied. 

mekw'-skflt-te-ha'-sit. 

Snake,  ring-necked, 

te'-ka-ma'-skwat  at'-ho-stis'. 

A  snake  coiled, 

tu-wi-ta'-sin. 

Skin  of  snake,  when  shed, 

ot-se'-we-wa'-kun. 

38 


INSECTS. 

Ant,  black, 

e'-nikws. 

Ant,  red, 

e'-nikws. 

Angleworm, 

we-te'-sis. 

Bee, 

am-w6s'. 

Butterfly, 

•a-ma-k6s'. 

Black  fly. 

ku-si'-ptin. 

Dragon  fly. 

a'-pu-tchi'-kwa-ha. 

Firefly, 

pu-sa'-kwi-sus. 

Horse  fly. 

mu-su'-sakw. 

House  fly, 

a-mu-tcha'-lu. 

Sand  fly. 

pet'-kwaps-kiis-iis'-sit, 

Any  small  fly, 

a-mu-tchal'-wSs. 

Water  fly  (skipper), 

pi'-ta-kwi'-ke-nat. 

Small  water  fly. 

a-li'-puk-kii-mu'-sit. 

Caterpillar, 

a-kan'-ho. 

•Flea, 

pu-pi'-ku. 

Grasshopper, 

tchal'-sis. 

Gnat, 

pgt'-kwaps-kiis-us'-sit. 

Locust, 

si-kil'-yfim. 

Louse, 

iik'-wtim. 

Maggot, 

po'-kes. 

Miller, 

a-ma-kes'. 

Mosquito, 

tchiis'-so. 

Snail  and  shell. 

kots'-pa-la'-tches. 

Snail,  without  shell. 

wi-wil-mekw'-sis. 

Spider, 

a'-mu-hup-6k'. 

Wasp, 

am'-wSs. 

Living  things. 

pem'-au-su-wi'-kil. 

Trees  and  plants. 

pem'-au-su-wi'-kil. 

Inanimate  things. 

i'-il. 

A  mammal. 

we-yiis'-sis. 

A  bird. 

sips. 

A  little  bird. 

sip'-sis. 

A  cock. 

na'-pa-ha. 

39 


A  hen, 

A  young  bird, 

Unfledged, 

Moulting, 

A  song  bird, 

A  fish, 

A  reptile. 

Reptiles, 


skvvu-hSs'. 

mQl-tcha'-ki-hgs'-sis, 

e-me-sg-ke'-yu. 

upskw. 

nSt-a-win'-takw. 

num-es'. 

tcho-tchotch'. 

tcho-tcho'-tchuk. 


PARTS  OF  ANIMALS. 


Antler, 

Antler,  point  of, 

Anus  or  vent. 

Beak  or  bill, 

Bone, 

Brain, 

Claw,  of  mammal, 

Claw,  of  bird. 

Comb, 

Dung, 

Egg, 

Egg,  shell  of. 

Egg,  yolk  of, 

Egg,  white  of, 

Entrail, 

Entrails, 

Eyes, 

Fat, 

Feather, 

Feathers, 

Flesh, 

Gall, 

Gizzard, 

Gullet, 

Hair, 

Heart, 


pes'-ki-ak-m  i-tu'-sum . 

ku-nask-win'. 

o'-pik-ti'-wun-iil. 

wo'-tun. 

as-kiin'-is. 

wi-lit'-pan. 

wiik'-tis. 

wu-sit'. 

at'- wu  l-n  e-m  a'-kix  n . 

mits'-kiin. 

Wd'-wun. 

wiil-uk-ask'. 

wi-sa-we'-ik, 

wa-pe'-ik. 

wul-uks'. 

wul-uk-si'-yul. 

u-si'-suk. 

wik. 

wip-hon'. 

wip-ho'-niil. 

we'-yus-sis-we'. 

wi'-sus. 

o-tchus'-siis. 

mits-wa-kun-ap'. 

pi-es . 

tim-so-hon'. 


40 


Hide, 

Hide,  raw. 

Hide,  dried. 

Hide,  tanned, 

Horn, 

Horn,  butt  of. 

Hoof, 

Intestines, 

Joint, 

Leg, 

Liver, 

Lungs, 

Meat,  cooked, 

Midriff, 

Milk, 

Mouth, 

Muscle, 

Neck, 

Penis, 

Rib, 

Skin, 

Skull, 

Spleen, 

Spur,  of  bird, 

Stomach, 

Tail,  of  mammal. 

Tail,  of  bird. 

Tendon, 

Testicles, 

Testicles'  bag. 

Toe  of  bird, 

Tongue, 

Tooth, 

Wing, 

Windpipe, 

Womb, 


m6t-e'-kun. 

skut-kwe'-kun. 

k6s-pa'-tgk. 

ki'-fe-kun-i'-ktin. 

u-stim'. 

wiit-sa-hakw'. 

wiik-us'. 

wu-lGk-si'-ydl. 

pgk-e-wiis'-kak. 

u-kat'. 

os-kwiin'. 

wu  -pun-uk. 

wi'-os. 

kwttp'-hon. 

mul-auks'. 

hu'-ton. 

wu-lan'. 

tup-skok'. 

til-los'. 

pi'-ke-wi'-ktin. 

met-e'-kiin. 

wQs'-si-ki-a'-tup. 

ki-u'-nik. 

o-tu-ku-ti'-kiin. 

lam'-huk. 

u-suk'-wiin. 

wul-nil'. 

wiik-wtin-ap'. 

pet-kwaps-ke-si'-jik. 

iim-te-kwap'. 

pus-ke'-si-ta'-wun. 

wi'-mi. 

wi-pit'. 

wo-ntisk'. 

ka-ka'-kiim-iil. 

wik-wa'-sis. 


41 


TREES, 

SHRUBS,  ETC. 

Alder, 

top. 

Apple, 

tche-k6w-i-ak'-we-mus'. 

Ash,  black, 

lik-pe'-ta-ha. 

Ash,  white. 

a'-ka-m^kw. 

Balm-of-Gilead, 

e-we-pi'-pukw. 

Basswood, 

ul-ne'-kdp. 

Beech, 

mi-hi'-kwi-mus'. 

Beech  nut. 

mi-hi-kwi'-min. 

Billberry, 

un-kwii-tu-ha'-wi-mus'. 

Birch,  black, 

mas'-kwe-mus'. 

Birch,  gray. 

sak'-pa-kwetsk'. 

Birch,  yellow, 

miis'-sun. 

Birch,  white, 

mas'-kwe-mus'. 

Bloodroot, 

pg-ki-ni-a'-siik. 

Blackberry, 

sakw'-te-mi'-nos. 

Blackberry  fruit, 

sakw-te'-min. 

Blueberry, 

sa-te'-mus. 

Blueberry  fruit, 

sat. 

Butternut, 

pii-ka-nus'. 

Butternut  nut, 

pG-kan'. 

Brakes, 

ma'-sos. 

Cat-tail  flag. 

pa'-ti-askw. 

Cedar, 

kak-skos'. 

Cedar  buds, 

po-ka'-te-kok  kak-skos-ye'-yak 

Choke-cherry, 

hiil-u-i'-mi-nos'. 

Choke-cherry  fruit, 

htil-u-i'-min. 

Cranberry,  high  bush, 

i-pi-mi-nSks'. 

Cranberry,  fruit  of  high  bush. 

,             i-pi'-min. 

Cranberry,  marsh, 

su-wun-3.ks'. 

Cranberry,  fruit  of  marsh. 

su'-wiin. 

Cranberry,  moss, 

iik-wu-ni-me-nSks'. 

Cranberry,  fruit  of  moss. 

tik-wii-nis'. 

Cranberry,  rock, 

si-ki-mi-n3,ks'. 

Cranberry,  fruit  of  rock, 

si-ki-min'. 

Currant, 

mus-we-mi-naks'. 

Currant  fruit. 

mus-we'-min. 

Dock, 

k'tchi-se'-wak-po'-kak. 

42 


Elder, 

Elm, 

Fir, 

Fir  buds. 

Gooseberry, 
Gooseberry  fruit. 
Grass, 

Grass,  dried, 
Hackmatack, 

Hackmatack  buds. 

Hazel, 

Hazel  nut. 

Hemlock, 

Hemlock,  ground, 

Huckleberry, 

Huckleberry  fruit, 

Juniper, 

Juniper  berries, 

Laurel, 

Lily,  tiger, 

Lily,  white  water, 

Lily,  yellow  water. 

Maple,  bird-eye. 

Maple,  rock, 

Maple,  white. 

Mint, 

Mountain-ash  (rowan-tree), 

Mountain-ash  berry. 

Mushroom, 

Moss, 

Moosewood, 

Oak,  gray. 

Oak,  acorn  of  gray. 

Oak,  white, 

Oak,  acorn  of  white. 

Pine,  red. 


I 


pes-ki'-kut-su-la-mus'. 
tchus'-a-kun-e'-kup. 
sta'-kwun. 
j  po-ka'-te-kok  sta-kwiin-ne'- 
(      yak. 
ka'-te-si-me-naks'. 
ka'-te-si'-m6n. 
pel-im-ski'-ko-wiil. 
mii-ski'-ko-wul. 
ptik-wum'-os. 
po-ka'-te-kok  piik-wiim'-os 

ye'-yak. 
ma-li-puk-an'-si-mus'. 
ma-li-piik-an'-sis. 
ku-si'-usk, 
to-kiin-as'-te-kok. 
pii-so-li-mi'-naks. 
pu-so-li'-min. 
tu-nas'-tii-kok. 
tu'-n  as-tii-k  wi-m  in', 
se-wa-pok'-si-kil. 
pu-so'. 

wa'-pe-tu-e'-kak. 
pu-sket'. 

mi-li'-kwe-ki'-sit  sQ-nan'. 
sii-nan'. 
mal'-su-nan. 
pij-se'-o-kiik. 
mi-na'-kwi-mos'. 
mi-na'-kwi-min'. 
os-op'-li-ket. 
tcha'-tcha-kwe'-sQI. 
ut-o'-ki-mus'. 
a'-sa-kwi-hi-mus'. 
a-sak'-wa-ha. 
wa'-tchil-mus'. 
wa'-tchil. 
pa'-si-akw. 


43 


Pine,  buds  of  red, 

Pine,  white. 

Pine,  buds  of  white, 

Pipe-stem  wood  (a  willow). 

Pigeon-berry, 
Pigeon-berry  fruit, 
Pitcher-plant, 
Poplar, 
Raspberry, 
Raspberry  fruit, 
Rush, 

Sarsaparilla, 
Spruce,  black. 

Spruce,  buds  of  black, 

Strawberry  vine, 
Strawberry  fruit, 
Sumach, 
Teaberry  vine, 
Teaberry  fruit, 
Thistle, 
Thorn, 

Thorn  apples, 
Whitewood, 

Wild-rose  bush, 

Wild-rose  flower. 

Willow,  gray, 
Willow,  red, 

Wintergreen  plant, 
Wintergreen  fruit. 


{ 


(  po-ka'-te-kok  pa'-si-a-kwe'- 
(     yak. 

ku'-wes. 

po-ka'-te-kok  ku-we-we'-yak. 
(  u-te-ma'-kiin  a-ti'-kwi-mus', 
(      (also)  sko'-ti-me-mus'. 

sa'-sa-kwi-m  i-nJlks'. 

sa'-sa-kwi'-min, 

wi'-po-lak-siins. 

mit. 

min-su-si'-mus. 

min'-sus. 

nas-naskw'. 

mi-ka'-ke-wi-kwan'-sis. 

ka-wa'-tukw. 

po-ka'-te-kok  ka-wa'-tuk- 
we'-yak. 

iim-ski'-kai-u-wi-min-si'-mus. 

iim-ski'-kai-u-wi'-mins. 

o'-tchi-ka-ni-mus'. 

ku-a'-siin-i-puk-o'-sul. 

ku-a'-sun-i-min. 

ka'-wis. 

me-nos'. 

tchi'-ke-nes. 

e-we-bakw'. 
(  kik-tche-kal'-kik-we-min-se'- 
i      mus. 

f  kik-tche-kal'-kik-we-min'-se 
(      pes'-kwas-wes'-iik. 

ken-o-sgs'. 

mak-makw'-siik. 

ka-ka'-kos  wi-puk-o'-s&k 
(lit.,  crow  leaves). 

ka-ka'-kos  wi-min'-suk 
(lit.,  crow  berries). 


44 


PARTS  OF  PLANTS. 

pgs'-kwas-wgs'-sttk. 

pCs'-kwas-wes'-siik. 

pgs'-kwas-w^s'-siik. 

p6s'-kwas-wes'-sQk. 

min-ka'-sik. 

mip, 

mi'-pi-yiik. 

mi'-pi-yiil. 


A  flower, 

*A  blossom, 

A  violet, 

A  may  flower, 

Bud, 

Leaf, 

Leaves  (while  on  the  tree). 

Leaves  (after  falling), 

Leaf  (when  coupled  with  the  name)     .,    w, 
^  "^  >•  wi  -puk 

of  a  tree),  ) 

Limb, 

Twig, 

Sap, 

Fruit, 

Berries, 

Outside  bark. 

Inner  bark, 

The  wood  from  heart  to  bark. 

The  heart  of  a  tree, 


w. 


Trunk, 

Root, 

A  tree, 

A  bush, 

A  shrub, 

A  climbing  vine, 

A  creeping  vine. 

Green  wood, 

Hard  wood. 

Soft  wood. 

Bark  of  soft  wood, 

Bark  of  hard  wood, 

Spruce  bark. 

Hemlock  bark. 

Hemlock  bark  from  a  dead  tree. 


pii-sk6t'-kwiin. 

pu-sk6t'-kwiin-is'. 

ma'-kwan. 

mi'-nik. 

kekw'-si-min'-stil. 

maskw. 

wu-le-keskw. 

wi-ki-a'-kwem. 

la-ma'-kwgm. 

wi'-pa-kwe'-mit. 

wut-supsk'. 

hup'-pus. 

i'-pis. 

i-pi'-sis. 

tiip-skaik'. 

ma-tchi-ak'-sSk. 

skakw. 
j  sak-lak'-wgm, 
I     (also)  sak-li'-e-piis. 

pos-ku-li'-e-piis. 

po-kwa'-ha. 

wul-keskw'. 

po-kwa'-ha. 

kii-si-us'-ki  po-kwa'-ha. 

ku-si-us'-ki  wul-keskw'. 


*  When  the  blossom  of  a  tree  or  shrub  is  to  be  designated,  the  name  of  the 
tree  precedes  the  word  for  blossom.     See  "wild-rose." 


45 


Birch  bark,  maskw. 

Birch   bark    in    season  (ready  for )     „  ,     „   , 

^  }■  pu-kwun  . 

peeling),  ) 

Birch  bark  peeled  in  season,  pu-kwiin-ikw'. 

Birch  bark  peeled  out  of  season,    •     suk'-i-as-kikw'. 

Birch  bark  peeled  in  winter,  sun'-o-si'-kwan. 

Lirch  bark  from  dead  tree,  iim-so'-a-kwik\v'. 

A  tree,  hup'-piis. 

Trees,  hiip-piis'-i-yiiik. 

A  stick  of  wood,  hup'-pus. 

Sticks  of  wood,  hiip-piis'-i-iil. 

A  broken  tree,  tfim-en-akw'. 

A  windfall,  ki-p6l-am-so'-ket  hiip'-piis. 

Windfalls  when  crossing  each  other,  ko-as'-kun. 

A  burnt  tree,  nek-a'-kwijs-it  hiip'-piis. 

A  hollow  tree,  pe-kwe'-kit  hiip'-pus. 

A  moss-covered  tree,  tcha-tcha-kwe'-sit  hiip'-piis. 

A  moss-covered  log,  fm-kan-ke'-siin. 

A  tree  chopped  down,  tiim-akw'-ta-ha. 

A  dead  tree,  lim-su-akw'. 

Firewood,  pi-yu'-suk-ol. 

A  fire  of  logs,  kwut-u'-wan  siim-a'-nets. 

Back-log,  kwtit-u'-wan. 

I  am  chopping  firewood,  un'-miik-un-iis'. 

I  am  gathering  chips,  un'-pi-a'-kwun-iskw. 

Spruce  boughs  for  bedding,  ka'-wa-tg-kwi'-ak. 

Fir  boughs  for  bedding,  sta'-kwiin-ok. 

I  am  gathering  boughs  for  bedding,   lin-mu-na'-siit. 

PHYSICAL  PHENOMENA  AND  OBJECTS. 

Air  (atmosphere),  mu-si'-kiskw. 

Aurora,  ni'-pa-ya'-pun. 

A  bay,  pek-wi-ta-pa'-kek. 

A  beach,  pgm-am'-ki-hal:. 

Clouds,  a'-lok. 

Clouds,  fleecy,  wa'-pa-lo'-kut. 

Clouds,  dark,  pis'-ka-lo'-kut, 

46 


Clouds,  black, 

muk-e-se'-wa-lo'-ktit. 

Clouds,  wavy, 

tti-ko'-wis-a-lo'-kut. 

Clouds,  wind. 

wtin-san'-stin-a'-lok. 

Clouds,  thunder, 

p6t-a-ka'-lok. 

A  cove, 

wa-li-na'-ik. 

Current, 

pe-mit'-su-uk. 

Dust, 

to'-kwan. 

Eddy, 

aps-kwe'-tiik. 

Foam, 

pit. 

Fog, 

o'-wiin. 

Frost, 

was'-te-u'-tiin. 

The  ground. 

ku-ta'-k6-mikw. 

Hail, 

sikw. 

It  hails, 

sikw-he'-yu. 

It  is  hailing, 

sikw-wa-wi'-yu. 

Ice, 

pii-kwum'. 

Icicle, 

kwu-san'-I  ii-kwi'-he. 

Lightning, 

pii-sakw-he'-sik.  ■ 

Meteor, 

pu-mi-tu-i'-e  pu-se'-siun 

Moon,  the, 

ni-pauk'-s6t. 

Moon,  new, 

na'-kwii-so  ki'-sos. 

Moon,  crescent, 

pi'-le  ki'-sos. 

Moon,  half, 

e-pa'-si  ki'-sos. 

Moon,  full, 

ki'-sa  ki'-sos. 

Moon,  on  wane, 

wa-sa-16s'-o  ki'-sos. 

Moon,  third  quarter. 

e-pa'-si  me-tchi'-he. 

No  moon. 

me-tchi'-he. 

Mud, 

sii'-skw. 

A  point  of  land,  a  cape. 

kwa-se-wa'-ik. 

Rain, 

ka-mi'-wan. 

It  rains. 

kii-ma'-wGn. 

Rainbow, 

mun'-kwan. 

Salt, 

sa-la'-we. 

Sand, 

pi'-kwiis-kwamkw'. 

Sand-bar, 

mum-amkw'. 

Sand  beach, 

p6m-am-ki'-hak. 

Sky, 

mtis'-skwiin. 

Snow  (on  the  ground), 

wast. 

47 


It  snows, 

Star, 

Stars, 

Evening  and  morning  star, 

Stone, 
Gravel, 
A  storm, 
sun, 
Tide, 

Tide,  high, 
Tide,  low, 
Tide,  flood. 
Tide,  ebb. 
Tide,  spring. 
Tide,  neap. 
Water, 
Wave, 
Wind, 

Wind,  north, 

Wind,  east. 

Wind,  south. 

Wind,  west, 

Wind,  south-west, 

Between  winds, 

Whirlwind, 

Gale  of  wind, 

North, 

East, 

South, 

West, 

North-east, 

North-west, 
South-east, 
South-west, 


pii'-san. 

pS-se'-sOm. 

pii-ses'-mok. 

Om-sa'-tu. 

pfi-nap'-skw. 

pii-nap-skwi'-sfimk. 

ma-tcha-kis'-kGt. 

gs-pi-tauk'-stJt. 

pe-mit'-su-iik. 

pg-sun'-pC-he. 

kis'-kut. 

atsko'-pe-he. 

wi'-kwiit. 

uk-sa'-ku-wi'-he. 

nu'-ta-ya-ku-wi'-he. 

sa-ma'-kwan. 

tG'-ku. 

wiit-sau'-siin. 

Ia-tfi-kw6s'-s{in. 

tchi'-p2-san. 

sau-niis'-stin. 

kG-ski-ya'-sun. 

siin-ut-se'-kat-iin. 

pti-su-w&s'-siin. 

a-pa-la'-sun. 

pe'-tchi-wSs'-e. 

la-tS-kwgs'-nuk. 

tchi-pe'-nuk. 
sau-niis'-nuk. 

ku-ski-ya'-sim-nuk. 

pu-su-wus'-siin-nuk. 

pii-su-wtis'-sun-nuk. 

pu-su-wiis'-siin-nuk. 

pft-su-wus'-siin-nuk. 


The  woods  (forest), 
Clump  of  trees. 


k'tchikw'. 
mgn-i'-ko-wiik  a-pu'-si-Gk. 


48 


Grove, 

Soft  wood  grove, 

Hard  wood  grove. 

Area  of  dead  trees, 

Bog, 

Swamp, 

Alder  swamp, 

Cedar  swamp, 

A  field, 

A  wild  meadow. 

Cleared  patch, 

Hay  field. 

Intervale  or  marsh, 

Plain, 

Hill, 

Ridge  (watershed), 

Mountain  peak, 

Mountain  of  bare  rock, 

Mountain  chain, 


(  eskw'-tfl-ha-si'-tchik  hup-pOs'- 
1      i-yuk. 
pem-a'-tg-kek. 
mi-kikw'. 
ki-sik'-tek. 
lim-ko'-wak. 
wa'-li-wus-ki-mi'-k6k. 
wa'-li-to-pe'-kCk. 
wa'-Ii-kak-sko-si'-kdk. 
pSm-sko'-t6k. 
p6k-kwes'-sun. 
iim-so-ha'-so. 
Qm-skik'-we-kat'. 
se'-k6-te-sko'-tek. 
Qm-ko-wak'. 
pem-a'-kgk. 
a-tu-wa'-nik. 
wut-su'-uk. 
p6m-op-sktit-i'-ngk. 
a-tu-wQt'-i-ne. 


COLORS. 


Black, 

Blue, 

Brown, 

Green, 

Purple, 

Red, 

White, 

Yellow, 


muk-fis-se- we'-y  u . 

musk-wfln-tchi'-tgp.  "( i^< 

kwak-lunts-skwut'-t6k. 

ski'-pu-kwiit'-e. 

so-na'-pu-Qt'-e. 

ura-kwiit'-e. 

wa-pe'-yu. 

wi-sa-we'-yu. 


CARDINAL  NUMBERS. 

^"^>  nekwt 

or  when    counting    animate 

objects, 
or  when  counting  inanimate 
objects. 


>■  p6skw. 
>  pSs'-kwun. 


49 


Two, 

ta'-pu  (also)  nis. 

or   when    counting   animate 

V  ni'-su-tik. 

objects, 

or  when  counting  inanimate 

J-  ni'-sttn-ol. 

objects, 

i 

Three, 

sist  (also)  ne'-hi. 

or   when    counting    animate 

[•  no-ho'-iik. 

objects. 

or  when  counting  inanimate 

[■  nfi-hiin'-ol. 

objects, 

Four, 

ne'-u. 

or   when    counting    animate 

[•  ne'-wuk. 

objects. 

or  when  counting  inanimate 

[■  ne'-wiin-ol. 

objects, 

Five, 

nan. 

or   when   counting    animate 

[■  na-nu'-iik. 

objects. 

or  when  counting  inanimate 

[■  na-nfin'-ol. 

objects, 

Six, 

ka-ma'-tchin. 

Seven, 

lo-i'-kun-ak. 

Eight, 

o-ka-niul'-tchin. 

Nine, 

es-kwii-na'-tfik. 

Ten, 

tim-tel-iin'. 

or  when  counting  objects, 

kwi-tinsk'. 

Eleven, 

kwa-tan'-ko. 

Twelve, 

ni-san'-ko. 

Thirteen,                       •* 

iin-san'-ko. 

Fourteen, 

ne-wan'-ko.  ■ 

Fifteen, 

na-nan'-ko. 

Sixteen, 

ka-ma'-tchin  kgs-an'-ko. 

Seventeen,                     /-- 

lo-i'-kiin-uk  kes-an'-ko. 

Eighteen, 

o-ka-mul'-tchin  k6s-an'-ko. 

Nineteen, 

es-kwQ-na'-tgk  kes-an'-ko. 

Twenty, 

ni-sinsk'. 

(  ni-sinsk'  chel  nekwt 

X     (also)  ni-sKnsk'  chel  peskw 

Twenty-one, 

5° 


Twenty-two, 

Twenty-three, 

Twenty-four, 

Twenty-five, 

Twenty-six, 

Twenty-seven, 

Twenty-eight, 

Twenty-nine, 

Thirty, 

Forty, 

Fifty, 

Sixty, 

Seventy, 

Eighty, 

Ninety, 

One  hundred, 

One  hundred  and  one. 

One  hundred  and  two. 

One  hundred  and  three. 

One  hundred  and  four, 

One  hundred  and  five, 

One  hundred  and  six. 
One  hundred  and  seven. 
One  hundred  and  eight. 
One  hundred  and  nine. 
One  hundred  and  ten. 
One  hundred  and  eleven. 

One  hundred  and  twelve, 

Two  hundred, 
Three  hundred. 
Four  hundred. 


ni-slnsk'  chel  nis. 
ni-slnsk'  chel  ne'-hi. 
ni-slnsk'  chel  ne'-u. 
ni-slnsk'  chel  nan, 
ni-stnsk'  chel  ka-nia'-tchin. 
ni-slnsk'  chel  lo-i'-kun-ttk, 
nl-slnsk'  chel  o-ka-mul'-tchin. 
ni-slnsk'  chel  cs-kwi-na'-t(5k. 
Qn-slnsk', 
ne-wlnsk'. 
na-ninsk'. 

ka-ma'-tchin  kds-Insk'. 
lo-i'-kun-iik  k(5s-Tnsk'. 
o-ka-iniil'-tchin  kCs-Insk'. 
es-kwu-na'-tek  kfis-lnsk'. 
tin-kwa-tatkw'. 
tin-kwa-tatkw'  chel  nekwt. 
dn-kwa-tatkw'  chel  nis. 
tin-kwa-tatkw'  chel  ne'-hi. 
tin-kwa-tatkw'  chel  ne'-u. 
tin-kwa-tatkw'  chel  nan. 
tin-kwa-tatkw'  chel  ka-ma'- 
tchin. 

tin-kwa-tatkw'  chel  lo-i'-ktin- 
tik. 

un-kwa-tatkw'  chel  o-ka-mtil'- 

tchin. 
tin-kwa-tatkw'  chel  es-kwi- 

na'-tek. 

^  tin-kwa-tatkw'  chel  tim-t«l- 
1     tin'. 

(  tin-kwa-tatk  *i'  chel  kwa-tan'- 
(     ko. 

f  tin-kwa-tatkw'  chel  ni-san'- 
(      ko. 

ni-satkw'. 

tin-satkw'. 

na-watkw'. 


I 
I 


SI 


Five  hundred, 
Six  hundred, 
Seven  hundred, 
Eight  hundred, 
Nine  hundred, 
XOne  thousand, 
Two  thousand. 
Three  thousand. 
Four  thousand, 
Five  thousand. 
Ten  thousand. 
Eleven  thousand, 
Twelve  thousand, 

Twenty-one  thousand, 

Twenty-two  thousand, 

One  hundred  thousand, 
One  million, 


na-natkw', 

ka-ma'-tchin  ke-satkw'. 
lo-i'-kun-uk  ke-satkw'. 
o-ka-nitir-tchin  ke-satkw'. 
es-kwti-na'-tek  ke-satkw'. 
'^  iin-kwiit'-am-kwak'. 
ni-sam-kwak'. 
iin-sam-kwak'. 
ne-wam-kwak'. 
na-nam-kwak'. 
kwi-1snsk'  kSs-am-kwak'. 
kwo-tan'-ko  kes-am-kwak'. 
ni-san'-ko  kgs-am-kwak'. 
ni-sinsk'  chel  nekwt  kSs-am- 
kwak'. 

f  ni-sinsk'  chel  nis  k6s-am- 
\     kwak'. 
un-kwa-tatkw'  k6s-am-kwak'. 
pit-wam-kwak'. 


I 


First  (first  place), 

First  (first  time), 

Second, 

Third, 

Fourth, 

Fifth, 

Sixth, 

Seventh, 

Eighth, 

Ninth, 

Tenth, 

Eleventh, 

Twelfth, 

Thirteenth, 

Fourteenth, 

Fifteenth, 


ORDINAL  NUMBERS. 

tiim-ke'-we. 

am-skwa-se'-we. 

ni-se'-we. 

no'-ho-we'-we. 

ne'-u-we'-we. 

na-ne'-we. 

ka-ma'-tchi-ne'-we. 

lu-i'-kun-uk-ke'-we. 

o-ka-mul'-tchi-ne'-we. 

e  s-k  wu-n  a'-tek-n  e'- w  e. 

un-kwi-tinsk'-ke-ke'-we. 

kwa-tan'-ko-we'-we. 

ni-san'-ko-we'-we. 

iin-san'-ko-we'-we. 

ne-w  an  '-ko- w  e'- we . 

na-nan'-ko-we'-we. 


52 


Sixteenth, 

Seventeenth, 

Eighteenth, 

Nineteenth, 

Twentieth, 

Thirtieth, 

Fortieth, 

Fiftieth, 

One-half  (in  quantity), 

One-half  (after  divided), 

One-half  (in  length), 

A  part  (in  quantity), 

A  part  (in  length). 

All, 

Some, 

None, 

A  piece, 


ka-ma'-tchin  ke-san'-ko-we'- 

we. 
lo-i-kiin-iik  ke-san'-ko-we'- 

we. 
o-ka-mfil'-tchin  ke-san'-ko- 

we'-we. 

f  es-kwii-na'-tSk  ke-san'-ko-we'- 
(.      we. 
n  i-sin  sk'-ke-ke'- we, 
Qn-sinsk'-ke-ke'-we. 
ne-winsk'-ke-ke'-we. 
n  a-n  in  sk'-ke-ke'-we. 
e-pa-se'-u. 
e-pa-se'. 

e-pa-se'-u  kwe-ne'-ik. 
o-tchi-mi'-lin. 
po'-ke. 
iim-si'-u. 
ke-kesk'-mi'-Hn. 
ka-ta'-ma. 
po-ke-ya'-sis. 


NUMERAL  ADVERBS. 


Once, 

Twice, 
Thrice, 
Four  times, 
Five  times, 
Six  times. 
Seven  times. 
Eight  times. 
Nine  times. 
Ten  times. 
Eleven  times. 
Twelve  times, 
Thirteen  times. 
Fourteen  times, 


pes-kwiin-kes'. 

ni-si-kSs'. 

ni-hi-kes'. 

ne-u-k6s'. 

na-ni-kes'. 

ka-ma'-tchin-kes'. 

lu-i'-kun-iik-kes'. 

o-ka-mul'-tchin-kSs'. 

es-kwu-na'-tgk-kes'. 

lin-kwe'-tinsk-kes'. 

kwa-tan'-ko-kes'. 

ni-san'-ko-kes'. 

iin-san'-ko-kgs'. 

ne-wan'-ko-kes'. 


S3 


Fifteen  times, 
Sixteen  times, 
Seventeen  times, 

Eighteen  times, 

Nineteen  times. 

Twenty  times, 
Thirty  times. 
Forty  times, 
Fifty  times, 


I 


na-nan'-ke-san'-ko-kgs'. 

ka-ma'-tchin  ke-san'-ko-kes'. 

lo-i'-kun-uk  ke-san'-ko-k6s'. 

o-ka-mul'-tchin  ke-san'-ko- 
kgs'. 

es-kwii-na'-tek  ke-san'-ko- 
kes'. 

ni-sins'-kes. 

un-sins'-kes. 

ne-wins'-kes. 

na-nins'-kes. 


MULTIPLICATIVES. 


Two-fold, 

Three-fold, 

Four-fold, 

Five-fold, 

Six-fold, 

Ten-fold, 

Twenty-fold, 

Fifty-fold, 


ni-si-kes'  kgs'-iin. 
ne-hi-kes'  k6s'-un. 
ne-u-kes'  kes'-iin. 
na-ni-kes'  kes'-Qn. 
ka-ma'-tchin-kes'  kes'-un. 
lin-kwe'-tins-kfis'  kes'-un. 
ni-sins'-kes  kes'-un. 
na-nins'-kes  kes'-iin. 


DISTRIBUTIVES. 


One  to  each, 
Two  to  each, 
Three  to  each, 
Four  to  each, 
Five  to  each, 
Six  to  each. 
Seven  to  each, 
Eight  to  each, 
Nine  to  each. 
Ten  to  each. 
Eleven  to  each. 
Twelve  to  each. 
Thirteen  to  each, 


pi-pes'-kwiin. 

ni-nis'. 

ni-ne'-hi. 

ni-ne'-u. 

ni'-niin. 

i-ka-ma'-tchin. 

i-lu-i'-kiin-uk. 

i-o-ka-mul'-tchin. 

i-es-kwii-na'-tek. 

in-kwi-tinsk'. 

in-kwa-tan'-ko. 

i-ni-san'-ko. 

in-san'-ko. 


54 


Fourteen  to  each,  i-ne-wan'-ko. 

Fifteen  to  each,  i-na-nan'-ko. 

Sixteen  to  each,  i-ka-ma'-tchin  ke-san'-ko. 

Seventeen  to  each,  i-lu-i'-kun-iik  ke-san'-ko. 

Eighteen  to  each,  i-o-ka-mul'-tchin  ke-san'-ko. 

Nineteen  to  each,  i-es-kwu-na'-tek  ke-san'-ko. 

Twenty  to  each,  i-ni-sinsk'. 

Thirty  to  each,  in-sinsk'. 

Forty  to  each,  i-ne-winsk'. 

Fifty  to  each,  i-na-ninsk'. 


MEASURES. 

A  span  (thumb  and  little  finger),  iin-kwut'-o-pul-tche-ha'-so. 

A  hand  (long  finger  to  first  wrinkle  >  .     ,     „    ^, 

.  ^.  >  un-kwut-e -yu. 

on  wrist),  I                     •' 

From  tip  of  long  finger  to  elbow,  -!  kwQn-as'-kwip-tin-a-mus'- 

(      kwiin. 

A  fathom  (from  tip  to  tip  of  long  >        , 

fingers),  ^  un-kwut-on-ska -so. 

Half  fathom,  a-pa-son-ska'-so. 

Three-quarters  fathom,  ka-miis'-kwiin. 

One  pace,  el'-mel  ki'-miik. 

Two  paces,  nis'-el-mel  ki'-muk. 

Three  paces,  ni'-hi-el-mel  ki'-muk. 


When  describing  distances  travelled  by  water  they  used  the 
bends  of  the  river  as  units. 

One  bend,  un-kwut'-e-wam'-ke. 

Two  bends,  ni'-se-wam'-ke. 

Three  bends,  un'-se-wam'-ke. 

When  describing  distances  travelled  by  land —  through  the 
woods  —  they  used  the  distance  in  sight  as  a  unit. 
One  sight,  kwa-piit'-mun. 

Two  sights,  nis-kwa-piit'-mun. 

Three  sights,  ni'-hi-kwa-piit'-mun. 


55 


DIVISIONS  OF  TIME. 

An  hour,  tti-pas-ko-ti'-ktin. 

A  day  (twenty-four  hours),  kwut-o-kii-ni'-u. 

Day,  ki'-sok. 

The  hours  of  the  day,  ^    tvi-pas-ko-ti'-kun-iil  ki'-sok. 

Night,  ni-pa'-yu. 

At  night,  ta-pok'. 

Dawn,  to-ka'-piin. 

Sunrise,  sa-ke-we'-he. 

Morning,  os-pa'-si-wi'-u. 

Mid-forenoon,  e-pa-si'-te. 

Noon,  pas'-kwe. 

Afternoon,  ki-si-pas'-kwe. 

Just  before  sunset,  tiit'-kwe. 

Sunset,  iin-ki'-he. 

Dusk,  pil-wa-pe-ta'-so. 

Evening,  wu-la-kwi'-u. 

Midnight,  e-pa'-sit-po'-ket. 

To-day,  pgm-kis'-kak. 

Yesterday,  wu-la'-ko. 

Day  before  yesterday,  kiit-e-ki-la'-ko. 

To-morrow,  se-pa'-wgn-uk. 

Day  after  to-morrow,  kut-e-ki-s6p'. 

One  week,  newkt-stin'-te. 

Many  weeks,  e-sun-te'-kil. 

The  moon,  ni-pauk'-sgt. 

A  moon  (in  time),  ki'-sos. 

One  moon,  pes-ki'-sos. 

^.       ,    ,,    ,  ( um-skwa-se'-we  e-pa-so'-sgt 

First  half  of  moon,  S      ,  ■/ 

.  (      ki-sos. 

,        ,    ,,    ,  (  tchus-le'-we  e-pa-so'-set 

Last  half  of  moon,  i      , ., 

(      ki-sos. 

A  year,  kwut-tchi'-kut-fm. 

Spring,  si'-kwiin. 

Summer,  ni'-piin. 

Autumn,  tii-kwa-ki'-yu. 

Winter,  po-ni'-yu. 

Leaf-budding  time,  pii-skwe'-pu-ki'-yu. 

S6 


Leaf-falling  time, 
Berry  time, 
E^l-fishing  time, 
Harvest  time, 
Hunting  time. 
One  year, 
Two  years, 
Three  years, 
Four  years, 
Five  years, 
Six  years, 
Now  (adverb). 
Past  time  (adverb). 
Future  time  (adverb), 

Sunday, 

Monday, 
Tuesday, 

Wednesday, 

Thursday, 

Friday, 
Saturday, 


*  First  moon  (December), 

Second  moon  (January), 
Third  moon  (February), 

Fourth  moon  (March), 


{ 


me-twa-ki'-yu. 

e-to-tu-i'-sol-ti'-miik. 

kii-s6n'-htit'-in. 

ko-a'-kwi-ntk-hiit'-in. 

tum-kan'-tin. 

kwi:it-tchi'-ktit-un. 

ni-si'-kiit-un. 

tin-si'-kut-un. 

ne-wi'-kut-un. 

na-ni'-kQt-iin. 

ka-ma'-tchin  ke-si'-kiit-un. 

tuk-ets'. 

kets-i-kan'. 

te'-pu-nuk. 

siin'-te  (also)  at'-la-sim-wi-ki'- 

sok  (the  day  of  rest), 
ki-sun'-te  (day  after  Sunday), 
ni-o-lo'-kun  (second  working 

day), 
ni-hi-lo'-kiin    (third    working 

day), 
ne-u-lo'-kiin  (fourth  working 

day), 
ske-he-wa'-tukw. 
kii-tu-a-sGn'-te  (day   before 

Sunday). 
'  k'tchi'-ki'-sos   (the   long 

moon) ; 
(also)  po-nam'-wi  ki'-sos 

(frost-fish  moon) ; 
(also)  ni-pa'-yiim-mi-ham-ke'- 

wi  ki^-<tr>s  (Christmas  moon) 
a-klo'-siim-wes'-it. 
a-pi-a'-tii-kfin  (when  spruce 

tips  fall), 
tu-kwas-kwu'-ni   ki'-sos  (first 

spring  moon). 


*  Their  year  began  with  "  the  long  moon." 


57 


Fifth  moon  (April), 
Sixth  moon  (May), 
Seventh  moon  (June), 
Eighth  moon  (July), 

Ninth  moon  (August), 

Tenth  moon  (September), 
Eleventh  moon  (October), 
Twelfth  moon  (November), 
Thirteenth  moon, 


I 

( 

.{ 

s 

1 

{ 


pim-a-tiim'-u-i    ki'-sos    (egg- 
laying  moon). 

si'-kwiin-i-me'-kwi  ki'-sos 
(gaspereaux  moon). 

ni'-pun-i  ki'-sos  (summer 
moon). 

lip-skwi'   ki'-sos   (feather- 
shedding  moon). 

kep-wa'-tchi  ki'-sos  (moon  in 
which  the  leaves  begin  to 
fall). 

mat'-si-u-tu'-hi  ki'-sos  (moose- 
calling  moon). 

wi-ke'-wi  ki'-sos  (salmon- 
spawning  moon). 

ku-a'-kwii-ni-ke'-wi  ki'-sos 
(harvest  moon). 

po-kwut'-nan-so-wi  ki'-sos 
(bastard  moon). 


PLACE  NAMES. 


Anagance, 

Aroostook  River, 

Bald  Mountain,  near  Welsford, 

Beckaguimic  River, 

Belisle  Bay, 

Brandy  Point, 

Burnt  Hill  Brook, 

Cain's  River, 

Campobello, 

Chamcook, 

Clearwater, 

Cleuristic, 

Curry's  Mountain, 

Eel  River, 
Fredericton, 


{ 


We-na-kan'-sek. 

Liis'-tukw. 

Am'-no-ke-kak-wus'-sit. 

A-pe-ktt-kwi'-mek. 

Pes-ke'-pak. 

Ke-pa'-kSm-e-we'-ik. 

Pes'-ki-o-mi-ni'-sis. 

Mik-ma'-we-wi-la-muk'-tiik, 

E-pak'-wit. 

Skam'-kuk. 

Pgs'-ki-o-mi'-nek. 

Ku-lu-si'-sek, 

Wi-tchi'-sis  po'-tu-w&s. 

Sus-ko-wul'-ko 

(also)  Ma'-ta-wam-ki'-tiik. 
Si-nan'-sis. 


S8 


Grand  Bay  (St.  John  River), 
Grand  Falls, 
Grand  Lake, 

Grimross  Lake, 

Harts'  Island, 

Harrison's  Island, 

Indian  village  above  Fredericton, 

Indian  village  at  Poi  it  Pleasant, 

Jemseg  River, 

Kenebecasis  Island, 

Kenebecasis  River, 

Keswick  River, 


Lepreaux  Point, 

Lepreaux  River, 

Long  Island, 

Long  Reach, 

Madawaska  River, 

Magaguadavic  River, 

Manawagonish  Island, 

Maquapit  Lake, 

Mataquac  River, 

Mauger's  Island, 

Meductic  Fort, 

Meductic  Rapids, 

Meduxnikeag  River, 

Milkish, 

Miramichi  River, 

Miramichi,  North-west  Branch, 

Mispec  River  (Micmac), 

Mispec  River  (Maliseet), 

Mistake  Cove, 

Muniac, 

Munquart, 

Musquash  Island, 


5 


Pd-kwi-te-pe'-k6k. 

Tchikt-siin-i'-kiip. 

K'tchi-kwis'-pam. 
(  Et-lim'-lats 
(      (or)  Et-li-ni-ias'-tik. 

Ka-ke'-ki-o'-ten. 

E-pu-kun'-i-kek. 

E-te-nJt'-sis. 

Si-pa'-yik. 

A-jem'-sek. 

Wus-sus'. 

Ken-i-pi-ke'-sis. 
^  No-kam-k£ts'-wuk 
1      (or)  No-kuni-ketch'-we. 

Kw6ns-kwi'-kun-niak-sus'-sit 
(also)  Kwes-a-we'-yik 
(and)  Wis'-i-tim-ki-wSs'. 

Skwa-kwa'-tik. 

K'tchi-men-ekw'. 

Sa'-siik-a-pe'-kek. 

Ma-ta-wes'-kak. 

Me-ki'-ka-te'-wgk. 

Ma-na'-wa-ko-nes'-6k. 

Me-kwa'-pak. 

Mak-te'-kwek. 

Nel-kwun'-kek. 

Me-.takw'-tek. 

Ek-we'-we-he'-tchok. 

Me-tSkw'-sun-i'-kek. 

A-mil'-kesk. 

Lus-tuk-o'-tchits. 

Mi-nel'-mi-na'-kiin. 

Mes'-pak. 

Miist-sa'-pi-ha. 

Ut-sa'-luk. 

Am-\vi'-nek. 

Op-mut-kwal'-tik. 

Ne-sa'-ken-its. 


59 


Musquash  River, 
Nackavvick  River, 

Nashwauk  River, 

Nashwasis, 
Nerepis  River, 
Oak  Point  Creek, 
Oromocto  Lake, 

Oromocto  River, 

Otnabog  Lake, 
Partridge  Island, 
Passamaquoddy  Bay, 
Paticake, 

Pocologan, 

Pokiok  River, 
Presque  Isle  River, 
Quaco  (Micmac), 
Rushogornish, 
St.  Croix  River, 

St.  John  City, 

St.  John  Falls, 
St.  John  Harbor, 
St.  John  River, 

Salmon  River  (Grand  Lake), 

Schoodic, 

Shiketehauk  River, 

Sherwood  Lakes, 

Sohogomock, 

South  Bay  (St.  John  River), 

Spring  Hill  Brook, 

Spoon  Island, 

Taxis  River, 

Temisquata  Lake, 

Tennant's  Cove, 


{ 


Me-sak-as'-kw51. 

N^l-kwe-wi'-kfik. 

Nau'-tchu-wak 

(or)  Na-wi'-tchi-wak. 

Nau-tchu-wajsis. 

Na-li'-pits. 

Ki-u-lat-ma'-k6k. 

Si-pun-a'-kik. 
(  We-la-mo'-k6t 
1     (or)  We-la-mok'-tuk. 

W6t-ne'-pak. 

Pii-kwek'-mik-hi'-kun. 

P^s'-te-mo-ka'-tek. 

Pat'-kik. 
(  Pek-i-ta'-kun 
1     (also)  Miin-Ss-sat'. 

Po'-ki-hak. 

P6s-ka-hi'-kiin. 

Ul-wa-ka'-kik. 

Ta'-si-ku-a'-nik. 

Kun-a-tauk'-tGk. 
^  Me-na-kwes' 
1      (also)  0-ten'  (the  town). 

Kopskw  (the  falls). 

Uk-wi-mot'  (the  harbor). 

Wu-las'-tukw. 
(  Tchi-niin'-pik 
(      (or)  Tchi-minpw'. 

Sku'-tak. 

Si-ku-te-hak'. 

Po'-ka-te-ka'-t6k. 

Un-si-a'-ko-mok. 

A-ku-ma-kwi'-k6k. 

Hgk'-pa-hak. 

Em-kwa'-nis. 

Wa-mut'-kuk. 

Ta'-mas-kwa'-tat. 

Pis-ke-pa'-ka,-tchitch. 


6o 


Tobique  Rapids, 
Tobique  River, 
VVagan  River, 
Wagansis, 
Washadenioak, 
Wasis, 


A'-ki-ak-wap-skim-i'-kun. 

Ne-ku-wiit'-kok. 

Ha-wa'-kun. 

Ha-wa'-kun-iis-sis. 

Wa'-sit-um-o'-w^k. 

Ta'-si-ku-a-nik'-sis. 


(Words  added  to  the 
the  country.) 

Adieu, 

Auger, 

Awl, 

Axe, 

Axe-handle, 

Bag, 

Barn, 

Bedstead, 

Bed  clothes, 

Beef,  corned, 

Blanket, 

Bonnet, 

Book, 

Boots, 

Bracelet, 

Brass, 

Bread, 

Bread,  hot. 

Bread,  stale, 

Bridle, 

Bridge, 

Broom, 

Bullet, 

Cannon, 
Candy, 


WORDS  OF  RECENT  ORIGIN. 

language  since  the  luiropeans  settled  in 


a-ti-u, 

pi-miin-i'-kun. 

tchiis-a'-kiin. 

tiim-i-hi'-kun. 

tum-i-hi'-kiin-ak-tiikw'. 

mu-tuk'-wop. 
{  ko-i-sik'-wam 
1      (or)  ku-o-sik'-wam. 

ku'-ot. 

ku-o-te'-yal  a-so-ho'-nS,!. 

sar-e-we-ti^-kiin  ku-o'-se. 

a'-so-hon. 

a-so'-su-iin. 

wik-hi'-kiin. 
—  kot'-sQk. 

pi'-tu-ne. 

wi-sa'-wakw. 

hup-pan'. 

h&p'-sit  hup-pan'. 

hup-pan'. 

nap'-lop. 

k\>us-uk'-was-kwa-ktin. 

tchi-ki-hi'-kiin. 
•._  k'tchi'-so-wan'. 

k'tchi'-pes-ko-hat' 
(also)  su-ka-le'-siil. 

puk-u-i'-siik. 


{ 


6i 


Cap  (or  hat), 
Cap,  percussion, 
Cat, 
Chair, 
Church, 
Chocolate, 
Clock, 
Clothes, 
Coat, 
Coffee, 
Coin, 
Comb, 

Cup,  earthenware. 
Cup,  tin. 
Dollar, 

Dress  (gown), 
Dish, 
Ear-rings, 
Fan, 

Finger-ring, 
Fork, 
Gimlet, 
Girth, 
Gold  coin, 
Gun  (shot). 
Gun  (single-barrelled). 
Gun  (double-barrelled), 
Gun  barrel, 
stock, 
butt, 
muzzle, 
breech, 
trigger, 
trigger-guard, 
lock, 
hammer, 
spring, 
sight. 


a-so  -su-iin. 
o-ski-tchi-li'-kiin. 

pC-su'-is. 
ku-te'-pot. 
i-mi'-e-wik'-wam. 
po-ka'-nop. 

kul-ak'. 
ul-kwiit'-a-wa'-kiin-ul. 

pus-kwiis-as'. 

ka'-pe. 

man. 

nas'-ko-hon. 

tu-ap-wa'-kin. 

kwat'-sis. 

ku-ta-kes'-ok. 

ukw-te-wa'-ktin. 

wa'-lit. 

si-ku'-sa-ha'-niil. 
e-wa-se-ho'-so. 
na-sa-kwe-ta'-kun. 

mit-es'-ti-e. 
pi-miin-i'-kim-us'-sis. 

kiis-pi'-son. 

wi-sa'-wi  man. 

pes-ko-hat'. 

nekwt-tak'-t6k. 

nis-ak'-tek. 

\vi-pak'-wik. 

lak-wem-hi'-kiin. 
^wa-kwa'-nik. 
^<wa-to'-nik. 
^u-pal'-we-hi'-kun. 

wik-wa'-kGn-i'-kiin. 
^el-tu-pek'-tek. 
^sna-pa'-ntis. 
^  a-las'-kwa-ta'-sGk. 
>«-sa-kwa-ki'-hot. 
la-put'. 


62 


Hammer, 

Heaven, 

Hell, 

Hoe, 

Horse, 

House, 

Handkerchief, 

Ink, 

Interpreter, 

Iron, 

Jug. 
Kettle,  iron. 

Kettle,  tin. 

Knife, 

Knife,  pocket. 

Lead, 

Loaf  of  bread. 

Mast-hoop, 

Match,  friction, 

Milk, 

Mirror, 

Molasses, 

Money  (coin). 

Money,  gold, 

Money,  paper, 

Money,  silver, 

Necklace  of  beads, 

Necktie, 

Needle, 

Newspaper, 

Pail, 

Pan,  baking. 

Pan,  frying, 

Paper, 

Pen, 

Pepper, 

Picture, 

Pistol, 


mal-to'-sis. 

spum'-kik. 

pu-l;\n/-kik. 

la-ke-hi'-kiin. 

ha-has'. 

we-no-tcli.ik'-wam. 

kis-kwfp'. 

wik-hi'-kun-iip. 

an-ko-wat'-sum-it. 

til-nakw'. 

p!n-tchin-^kw§5', 

kat'-kok. 

wa-pa'-kos. 

mi-ko-ta'-nis. 

pe-ku-us-ke'-stis. 

skiil-onskw'. 

pti-kwa-si'-kun  hup-pan'. 

mi'-ta-wa-kwa'-ma. 

hep'  sit-hiip'-pon. 

me-lauks'. 

pi-no-tchak'-mat. 


mu-la'-siis. 


man. 

wi-sa'-wi  man. 

pi-las'-kwi  man. 

man'-i-e. 

pii-si'-ko-sun'. 

kus-kw2p'. 

kii-sa'-kat. 

a-kun-ot-ma'-kun-i  pi'-laskw. 

si-pats'. 

tu-pan-ka'-kun. 

sis-lap'-skwe-ti'-kiin. 

pi'-laskw. 

wip'-hon. 

te-pu-sa-wa'-yul. 

e-wik'. 

lam-se-we'. 


63 


Plow,  la-ke'-s;i-wa'-ktin. 

Powder,  pfi-se'-u. 

Railroad,  le'-lo-taiit'. 

Railroad  car,  kas. 

Railroad  engine,  wOn-ya'-kfln-ik. 

Ramrod,  k'tchi'-tak-ku-se'-wi-hi'-kiin. 

Ribbons,  sll-ki'-stil. 

Ritle,  ds-wes-kwal'-kti-to'-nfik. 

Road,  aiikvvt. 

Rum,  pok-te-witsk'. 

Saddle,  ha-has'- wi-kwut'-pot. 

Salt,  sa-la'-we. 

School-house,  no'-td-ke-ki-tik'-wam. 

c.  .  (  tttm-ip-no-ho'-niil 

Scissors,  -<           '              ,  .     , , 

C      (also)  ti^i-si-ki-hi  -kQn. 

Shade  (made),  a-ku-a-tu-hi'-kun. 

Shadow  (formed  by  an  animate   |  hu-tchu-tchauks'. 

object),  ) 
Shadow  (formed  by  an  inanimate    )     i,      '  *xi. 

object),  ) 

Shawl,  sal. 

Sheep,  htis'-ip. 

Shirt,  a-tol-han'. 

Shoes,  pu-kfis'-iin-uk. 

Shot,  sip'-sis-we'-yal. 

Sickle,  wak'-tchu-a'-ki-a'-stik. 

Silver  coin,  man'-i-e. 

Slippers,  na-slas-ki'-t6k-wo'-tchik. 

Spoons,  fim-kwa'-nuk. 

Steamboat,  stim'-pot. 

Steel  (for  fire),  sflk'-a-ha-piink-tchi-wak'-stip. 

Stockings,  kiin-e-so'-nul. 

Stove,  kii-sap'-skiit. 

Sugar  (or  molasses,  when  used  for)        ,     ^    i -/i  ^ 

°      ^                      '  y  ma-kwun-hi  -kun. 

sweetening),  ) 

Table,  tu-wi-pot'. 

Tea,  ti. 

Telegraph  wire,  gl-na-kwa'-pis. 

64 


!^,T    T""^"'  «i-pe'-ke.he-ki1n  nik'-wam. 

""^^••'^^^'  skwa-son'-tuk.    ' 

'''"  '^"l^  kwat'-sis. 

'^''"  '^'^"'e,  wa-pa'-kos. 

//"  ^''''^^e'  wa-pa'-ko-sa'-Ut. 

'  "•''^'  pu-kik-si'-kiin. 

'''^•^^'<^co.  tttn.-a'-we. 

'''■""■'*'-*"'  pftltchi'-sttl. 

''■'■""'*'  la'-ska-hi'-kfln. 

^'"^^'■^'"''^'  a'-ku-a-tu-ho'-sot. 

^^«t'  pi-kaus'. 

^^'''  mis-tfikw'. 

^'^^'^""g.  mis-tii-kok'. 

^''^';"'  kyu-ta'-kwiis-ik  o-ta-pa'-kQn. 

,V^:''''"'  tg-pi'-hi-ki-sos-sa'-kttm. 

^^hip,  i'.pis. 

Whip,  horse,  ha-has'-wi'-pis. 

^'"«'  me-kwa'-pak. 


PRONOUNS,  ETC. 

^»  nil. 

Me,  nil. 

We  (you  and  I),  ki'.|un_ 

We  (more  than  two),  ni'-lun. 

O"'"'  ni'-lun." 

Us.  ni'-lun. 

You  (singular),  kjl 

You  (plural),  l^i'.j^n. 

He  (this  person),  nit. 

Him  (this  person),  ^Qt 

He  (that  person),  nut. 

Him  (that  person),  ne'-kum. 

^e""'  ne'-kum. 

^^e'  ne'-kum. 

'^^ey*  nikt  (or)  nitl. 

'^'^e'"'  nikt  (or)  nitl. 

.65 


It,  nit. 

Its,  "it-nit'. 

Mine  (anything  living),  nil-nit'. 

Mine  (anything  dead),  nil-nut'. 

Ours,  ■  ni-lun-nit'. 

■  kil-nit'. 


ne-kiini-nit'. 
ne-kiim-nit'. 


Yours, 
His, 
Hers, 

Theirs,  nikt-nit'. 

Who,  wen. 

Whom,  wen. 

Whose,  wen-nit'. 

Which,  tan-yut'. 

What,  kekw. 

Whatever,  ta-ni-yap'. 

This,  wat(or)yot. 

That,  niit(or)nit. 

These,  yokt  (or)  yotl. 

Those,  yekt  (or)  yetl. 

All,  um-si'-u. 

The  whole,  um-si'-u. 

Every, 

Each, 

A  part  of,  po-ki'-u. 

Either,  an-kwut-si'-u. 

None, 


um-si'-u. 
e-ta-si'-u. 


ses-mi  -u. 
tak'-wen. 


Both, 

Any  ta,n-ta-pokt'. 

Another,  ku'-tuk. 

That  other,  nit-ku'-tuk. 

Such  (like),  e-li'-kuk. 


66 


PHRASES  AND  SENTENCES. 


FIRST    SERIES. 


One  man, 
One  axe, 
Two  men, 

Two  axes, 

Three  men. 

Three  axes, 

Four  men. 

Four  axes, 

Five  men, 

Five  axes, 

Six  men. 

Six  axes, 

Seven  men. 

Seven  axes. 

One  woman,        • 

Three  women, 

More  than  three  women. 

Few  women, 

Many  women, 

All  the  women. 

One  hat. 

Few  hats, 

Many  hats, 

All  the  hats, 
One  leaf, 
All  the  leaves, 
One  stone, 
All  the  stones. 
One  dog. 
All  the  dogs, 
One  arrow, 
All  the  arrows, 
Male  dog. 
Female  dog, 


{ 


pSskw  u-ski'-tap. 

pgs'-kwiin  ttim-i-hi'-kiin, 

ni'-su-tik  u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. 

ni'-sun-ol  tiim-i-hi'-kun-iil. 

no-ho'-uk  u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. 

nu-hun'-ol  tiim-i-hi'-kun-ul. 

ne'-wiik  u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. 

ne'-wun-ol  tum-i-hi'-kun-iil. 

na-nu'-iik  u-ski-ta'-pi-uk. 

na-nijn'-ol  tum-i-hi'-kun-ijl. 

ka-ma'-tchin  u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. 

ka-ma'-tchin  tiim-i-hi'-kun-iil. 

lo-i'-kiin-iik  u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. 

lo-i'-kiin-iik  tiim-i-hi'-kun-ul. 
peskw  e'-pit. 

no-ho'-uk  e-pi'-tchik. 

e-pi-ha'-tchik. 
wa-kes'-wiik  e-pi'-tchik. 
ktit-a-nakw'-su-iik  e-pi'-tchik. 
iim-si'-u  e-pi'-tchik. 
pgs'-kwiin  a-so'-su-tin. 
wa-kes'-nol  a-so-su-wiin'-iil, 
ka-ta-na'-kwiit-ol  a-so-su- 

wiin'-iil. 
um-si'-u  a-so-su-wiin'-iil. 
pes'-kwun  mip. 
tim-si'-u  mi'-pi-yul. 
pes'-kwiin  pii-nap'-skw. 
iim-si'-u  pii-nap'-skol. 
pes'-kwiin  iil'-um-mus. 
um-si'-u  iil-iim-u'-siik. 
pes'-kwiin  pakw. 
um-si'-u  pa'-kwi-ai. 
na-pe'-siim. 
skwes'-miis. 


67 


Male  horse,  i-yap'  ha-has'. 

Female  horse,  hfiyl  ha-has'. 

Male  cat,  na-pe'-kik\v  pu-su'-is. 

Female  cat,  skwe'-kikvv  pti-su'-is. 

Male  deer,  i-yap'  hiit'-ok. 

Female  de.'^r,  heyl  hut-ok. 

Male  eagle,  na'-pa-ha  k'tchi-pla'-kiin. 

Female  eagle,  skwii-hes'  k'tchi-pla'-kiin. 

This  man,  wiit  u-ski'-tap. 

That  man,  niit  u-ski'-tap. 

These  men,  yokt  u-ski-ta'-pi-yuk. 

Those  men,  yekt  u-ski-ta'-pi-yuk. 

This  boy,  wut  u-ski-nu'-sis. 

T,,         ^       1  (  yekt  ni'-su-uk  u-ski'-nu-si'- 

Those  two  boys,  -I  ■' 

(      silk. 

This  horse,  wiit  ha-has'. 

These  horses,  yokt  ha-has'-wiik. 

This  knife,  yot  mi-ko-ta'-nis. 

That  knife,  nit  mi-ko-ta'-nis. 

These  two  knives,  yotl  ni'-sun-ol  mi-ko'-ta-ni'-siil 

Those  knives,  yetl  mi-ko'-ta-ni'-siil. 

T  ^  .,  ■  /    -..u  £  ^\  (  kun-iis-e'-ko-hol 

I  am  striking  you  (with  fist),  ]      ,..,,„.      / ,     ,    ,  # 

(.      (or)  nil  kun-us-e  -ko-hol.* 

I  struck  you,  kun-iis-e'-ko-ho-lo'-pun. 

I  will  strike  you,  kun-iis-e'-ko-holts'. 

You  are  striking  me,  kun-iis-e'-kwii-hi. 

You  struck  me,  kun-iis-e'-kwii-hi'-pun. 

You  will  strike  me,  kun-iis-e'-kwii-hits'. 

I  am  striking  him,  nii-se'-kwii-ha. 

I  struck  him,  nii-se'-kwii-ha'-piin. 

I  will  strike  him,  nii-se'-kwu-hats'. 

You  and  I  are  striking  him,  ku-nii-se'-kwu-han. 

You  and  I  struck  him,  ku-nu-se'-kwii-ha-no'-pun. 

You  and  I  will  strike  him,  kii-nii-se'-kwii-ha'-nuts. 

We  (more  than  two)  are  striking  him,  ku-nu-se'-kwii-han,  . 


♦The  separated  pronoun  is  used  only  when  it  is  to  be  emphasized.     The 
literal  translation  of  '•.'///  kUn-iis-ef -ko-hol"  is  "I,  I,  with  my  fist,  am  striking 


you." 


68 


I  struck  you  often,  nu-se'-ko-ho-lo'-pun  mis-ki'-u. 

John,  *Hu-sa'-wis. 

James,  Jems. 

T^T,„  ^4.^  „i   T  f  Hu-sa'-wis   nu-se'-kwii-ha'- 

John  struck  James,  i 

(.      pun-ul  Jem  -sul. 

I  am  striking  myself,  nu-se'-ku-hos'. 

I  struck  myself,  nij-se'-ku-lio-se'-ptin. 

I  will  strike  myself,  nu-se'-kii-ho-suts'. 

You  are  striking  yourself,  kii-nii-se'-ku-ho-si'-pun. 

You  will  strike  yourself,  ku-nii-se'-kii-ho-suts'. 

He  is  striking  himself,  lin-se'-ku-ho'-so. 

He  struck  himself,  un-se'-kii-ho-so'-pun. 

He  will  strike  himself,  tin-se'-kia-ho-sots'. 

I  was  struck,  nii-se'-ku-ho-ke'-pun. 

,r           J  T             ,      ,  f  ku-nu-se'-kij-ho-ke'-pun-o'- 

You  and  I  were  struck,  ■{                                 ^ 

(.      piin. 

We  were  struck,  nii-se'-kii-ho-ke'-pun-o'-pun. 

You  were  struck,  kii-nu-se'-ku-ho-ke'-piin. 

They  were  struck,  iin-se'-kwu-ha'-piin-ik. 

I  am  striking  you  (with  a  club),  ku-tu'-ku-mul. 

I  struck  you,  kii-tu'-ku-mo-lo'-pun. 

I  will  strike  you,  ku-tii'-kii-mults'. 

You  are  striking  me,  kii-tu'-ku-mi. 

You  struck  me,  ku-tii'-kii-mi'-piin. 

You  will  strike  me,  ku-tu'-ku-mits. 

I  am  striking  him,  iin-tii'-ku-ma. 

I  struck  him,  un-tii'-kii-)  la'-pun. 

I  will  strike  him,  un-tii'-kii-mats'. 

You  and  I  are  striking  him,  ku-tii'-ku-man'. 

You  and  I  struck  him,  kii-tu'-ku-man-o'-piin.                ' 

You  and  I  will  strike  him,  kii-tu'-kii-man-iits'. 
We  (more  than  two)  are  striking  him,  lin-tu'-ku-man'. 

We  (more  than  two)  struck  him,  un-tu'-kii-man-o'-pun. 
We  (more  than  two)  will  strike  him,  iin-tii'-ku-ma'-nuts. 


*I  have  heard  four  Maliseet  equivalents  for  the  English  name  John,  viz.: 
Hii-sa'-wis,  //ti-sa\  Sa'-wis,  and  Sa-pa'-tis.  Hii-sa'  and  Sa'-iuis  are  abbreviated 
forms  of  Hii-sa! -wis,  and  Sa-pa'-tis  is  an  abbreviation  of  Hii-sa' -wis  pa-tis'-ta, 
into  which  the  Maliseets  translate  John  the  Baptist.  Sapatis  is  usually  written 
"  Sebattis." 

69 


You  (more  than  two)  are  striking  him, 
You  (more  than  two)  struck  him, 
You  (more  than  two)  will  strike  him, 
I  struck  you  often, 

John  struck  James,  -j 

I  am  striking  myself, 

I  struck  myself, 

I  will  strike  myself, 

You  are  striking  yourself. 

You  struck  yourself. 

You  will  strike  yourself. 

He  is  striking  himself. 

He  struck  himself, 

He  will  strike  himself, 

I  was  struck, 

We  (you  and  I)  were  struck. 

You  were  struck, 

They  were  struck, 

I  am  kicking  you, 

I  kicked  you, 

I  will  kick  you, 

You  are  kicking  me, 

You  kicked  me, 

I  am  kicking  him, 

I  kicked  him. 

You  and  I  are  kicking  him, 

You  and  I  kicked  him, 

You  and  I  will  kick  him, 

We  (more  than  two,  but  not  the 
person  spoken  to)  are  kicking 
him. 

We  (more  than  two,  and  including 
the  person  spoken  to)  are  kick- 
ing him. 

We  kicked  him, 

We  will  kick  him, 

He  is  kicking  you  and  me, 


iik-tu'-kii-ma'-wa. 
uk-tii'-ku-ma-wa'-piin. 
lik-tu'-ku-mats'. 
ku-tii'-kii-mul-o'-pun  mis-ki'-u. 
Hu-sa'-wis  o-tii'-kii-nia'-piin-il 

J^m'-sul. 
iin-tu'-ku-mus'. 
un-tu'-kii-mu-si'-piin. 
iin-tu'-ku-mu-suts'. 
uk-tii'-kti-mus'. 
lik-tu'-ku-mu-si'-piin. 
lik-tu'-kii-mii-suts'. 
tu-kii-mii'-so. 
tu-kii-mu-so'-piin. 
tii-kii-mii-sots'. 
iin-tu'-ku-mu-ke'-pun. 
uk-tii'-ku-mu-ke'-pun-o'-pun. 
ku-tu'-ku-mu-ke'-pun. 
tu-ku-ma'-pun-ik. 
kii-tii'-ku-te'-kol. 
ku-tu'-ku-te'-kol-o'-piin. 
kii-tii'-ku-te-kolts'. 
ku-tu'-ku-te'-ku-i. 
ku-tii'-ku-te-ku-i'-pun. 
iin-tu'-ku-te-ku-a'. 
un-tu'-ku-te-ku-a'-piin. 
ti  k-tu'-kii- te-ku-an ' . 
uk-tu'-ku-te-ku-a-no'-piin, 
uk-tu'-ku-te-ku-a-nuts'. 

un-tu'-ku-te-ku-an'. 


uk-tu'-kti-te-ku-an'. 

tik-tii'-ku-te-ku-a-no'-piin. 

uk-tu'-ku-te-ku-a-nuts'. 

ku-tut'-li-tu-ki'-te-ka-kon'. 


70 


He  kicked  you  and  me, 
He  will  kick  you  and  me, 
He  is  kicking  him  and  me, 
He  kicked  him  and  me, 
He  will  kick  him  and  me, 

I  kicked  you  often, 

John  kicked  James, 

I  am  kicking  myself, 

I  kicked  myself, 

I  will  kick  myself, 

You  are  kicking  yourself. 

You  kicked  yourself, 

You  will  kick  yourself. 

He  is  kicking  himself, 

He  kicked  himself. 

He  will  kick  himself, 

I  was  kicked. 

You  and  I  were  kicked. 

We  (you  and  I)  were  kicked, 

We  (they  and  I)  were  kicked, 

You  were  kicked. 

They  were  kicked, 

He  is  kicking  us. 

He  kicked  us, 

He  will  kick  us. 

He  kicked  us  often, 

I  am  hungry. 

You  and  I  are  hungry. 

We  are  hungry, 

You  are  hungry, 

They  are  hungry, 

I  was  hungry, 

I  will  be  hungry, 

John  is  hungry, 

I  am  eating ;  eat  (with  me). 


Qk-tuk'-te-ka-ko-no'-ptin. 

kii-tu'-kii-te-ka-ko-nuts'. 

un-tut'-li-tu-ki'-te-ka-kon'. 

Qn-tiik'-te-ka-ko-no'-pun. 

un-tiik'-te-ka-ko-nuts'. 
f  ku-tii'-ku-te-ko-lo'-pun 
(.      mis-ki'-u. 

f  Hii-sa'-wis  o-tiik-te-ko-wa'- 
(      pttn-il  Jem'-siil. 

un-tut'-li-tii-kti-te-kas'. 

un-tuk'-te-ka-si'-piin. 

un-tiik'-te-ka-suts'. 

uk-ii-tut'-li-tii-ki'-te-kas'. 

iik-u-tuk'-te-ka-si'-pun. 

tik-ii-tuk'-te-ka-suts'. 

tut'-li-tu-ki'-te-ka'-so. 

tu-ki'-te-ka-so'-pun. 

tii-ki'-te-ka-sots'. 

lin-tuk'-te-ka-ke'-pun. 

uk-tiik'-te-ka-ke'-piin-o'-pun. 

uk-tuk'-te-ka-ke'-pun-o'-piin. 

un-tiik'-te-ka-ke'-pun-o'-piin. 

uk-tuk'-te-ka-ke'-pun. 

tiik-i'-te-ko-a'-pun-ik. 

tik-u-tiit'-li-tu-ki'-te-ka-kon'. 

uk-u-tuk'-te-ka-ko-no'-pun . 

tik-u-tiik'-te-ka-ko'-nuts. 

uk-tuk'-te-ka-ko-no'-piin 
mis-ki'-u. 

un-kii-top', 

kii-to-pi'-pim. 

tin-ku-to-pi'-pun. 

kii-top'. 

kti-top'-wtik. 

un-kii-to-pi'-piin. 

un-kii-to-puts'. 

Hii-sa'-wis  kii-to'-po. 

tin-mits'  mits. 


{ 


71 


I  will  eat  (with  you), 

I  am  eating  bread, 

You  and  I  are  eating  bread, 

We  are  eating  bread, 

You  are  eating  bread, 

They  (two)  are  eating  bread, 


iin-mit'-sjiits. 
fin-tCi-lu-lip'  hup-pan'. 
itk-tu-tii-li-pi'-pun  hiip-piln'. 
i^m-tii-tii-li-pi'-piin  hi^ip-pAn'. 
lik-tii-tii-lip'  hup-pan'. 
tii-li'-pu-iik  hiip-pa'-niil. 


They(three  or  more)  are  eating  bread,  tii-li'-pol-tu-iik  hup-pa'-niil. 

fm-tii'-tu-li-pi'-pun  hiip-pa'-niil 
f  lik-tii'-tu-li-pi'-pun-o'-pun 


I  was  eating  bread. 

You  and  I  were  eating  bread. 


We  (three  or  more)  were  eating 

bread. 
You  were  eating  bread. 

They  were  eating  bread, 

John  is  eating  bread, 

John  is  eating  meat, 
John  is  eating  mush, 
John  is  eating  fish, 
David  is  eating  soup. 

The  horse  is  eating  corn, 

The  cow  is  eating  grass, 

The  bird  is  eating  corn. 

The  bird  is  eating  wheat, 

I  am  thirsty, 
I  was  thirsty, 
I  will  be  thirsty, 
Robert  is  thirsty. 
The  horse  is  thirsty, 
I  am  drinking  water, 

I  was  drinking  water, 

I  will  drink  water, 

Frances  is  drinking  water, 

72 


{ 


(      h  lip-pin'. 

J  iin-tu'-ti'i-li-pol-ti'-pun-o'-ptin 

I      hup-pAn'. 

uk-u-tiit-li-pi'-pun  hup-pin'. 
j  tii-li'-pol-to'-piin-ik  hup-pa'- 
(      niil. 

(  Hu-sa'-wis  tii-li'-po  hiip-pa'- 
{      nul. 

Hii-sa'-wis  tii-li'-po  wi'-os. 

Hii-sa'-wis  tii-li'-po  lin-sa'-pdn 

Hu-sa'-wis  tii-li'-po  nii-me-se'. 

Ta'-pit  tii-li'-po  kii-sap'. 

ha-has'  tii-li'-po  pi-es-kiim'- 
tin-iil. 

co'-wos  tii-li'-po  um-ski'-ku-iil 
j  sip'-sis  tii-li'-po  pi-es-kiun'- 
(      tin-iil. 

(  sip'-sis  tii-li'-po  i-kia-lis-kal'- 
1      niil. 

un-ku-tu-wu -sum. 

iin-kii-tii-wiis-mi'-piin. 

iin-kii-tii-wii-siimts'. 

Lo'-pal  kii-tii-wii'-siim-o. 

ha-has'  kii-tii-wii'-siim-o. 

lin-tii-tii-lus'-iim  sa-ma'-kwan. 

un-tii-tii-ltis-me'-piin  sa-ma'- 
kwan. 

un-kii-to-siimts'  sa-ma'-kwan. 

Plan-su'-e  tii-lii'-sii-mo  sa-ma'- 
kwan.  -    -  ,-^. 


{ 


The  horse  is  drinking  water, 

The  cat  is  drinking  water, 

I  am  talking, 

I  was  talking, 

I  will  talk, 

You  were  talking, 

He  is  talking, 

Stephen  is  talking, 

I  am  crying, 

I  was  crying, 

I  will  cry, 

You  were  crying, 

He  is  crying, 

Michael  is  crying, 

I  am  singing, 

I  was  singing, 

I  will  sing. 

You  were  singing. 

He  is  singing, 

Francis  is  singing, 

I  am  shouting, 

I  was  shouting, 

I  will  shout, 

You  were  shouting. 

He  is  shouting, 

Francis  is  shouting, 

I  am  whispering, 

I  was  whispering, 

I  will  whisper, 

You  were  whispering, 

We  are  whispering,        x 

He  is  whispering, 

Joseph  is  whispering, 

I  am  laughing, 

I  was  laughing, 

I  will  laugh. 


(  ha-has'  tii-lii'-sii-mo  sa-ma'- 
(      kwan. 

j  pii-su'-is  tQ-Iii'-su-mo  sa-ma'- 
i.      kwan. 

tin-tu'-tu-le-wgst'. 

tin-tii'-tii-le-wgs-to'-piin. 

iin-tu'-tu-le-wes-tuts'. 

iik-tii'-tu-le-wes-to'-pun, 

tii-le-wes'-to. 

A'-ti-an  tii-le-w6s'-to. 

un-tu  -tu-lu-tem. 

iin-tii'-tii-lii-te-mi'-piin. 

iin-sa-se-te'-miits. 

tik-tu'-tu-lu-te-mi'-pun. 

tul-te'-mo. 

Mi'-sgl  tul-te'-mo. 

iin-tu'-tu-lint'. 

un-tu -tu-lin-to -pun. 

fm-tu'-tii-lin-tiits'. 

tik-tii'-tu-lin-to'-pun. 

tii-lin'-to. 

Plin'-su-e  tii-lin'-to. 

iin-mas'-kwu-lam'. 

un-mS-s'-kwii-la-mi'-piin. 

tin-mas'-kwii-la-muts'. 

uk-u-mas'-kwu-la-mi'-piin. 

mas-kwii-Ll'-mo. 

PlSn'-su-e  mas-kwii-la'-mo. 

tin-ki'-kim-was'. 

un-ki'-kim-wa-si'-p&n. 

un-ki'-kim-wa-siits'. 

uk-ki'-kini-wa-si'-piin. 

iik-ki'-kim-wa-si'-piin. 

ki-kim-wa'-so. 

So'-sep  ki-kim-wa'-so. 

lin-sik-te'-lum. 

un-sik-tel-mi'-pun. 

.  un-sik-tel-iimts'. 


73 


You  were  laughing, 

We  are  laughing, 

He  is  laughing, 

Andrew  is  laughing, 

I  am  smiling, 

I  was  smiling, 

You  were  smiling, 

He  is  smiling, 

Lawrence  is  smiling, 

I  am  walking, 

I  was  walking, 

I  will  walk. 

You  were  walking, 

He  is  walking, 

Mary  is  walking, 

The  child  is  creeping. 

The  cloud  is  drifting, 

The  cloud  is  flying  (moving  fast), 

Thomas  is  whistling, 

Louisa  is  running, 

Hannah  is  jumping, 

Gabriel  is  jumping  over  a  log. 

The  horse  is  walking, 
The  horse  is  running, 

The  horse  is  jumping  over  a  log, 

The  crow  is  flying. 
The  snake  is  crawling. 
The  fish  is  swimming. 
The  dog  is  barking, 
The  horse  is  neighing. 
The  eagle  is  screaming. 

The  frog  is  croaking, 

The  bee  is  humming. 
My  horse  is  black. 
Your  horse  is  white, 


tik-sik-tel-mi'-ptin. 

lik-sik-tel-mi'-piin. 

sik-tel'-mo. 

A'-tii-le  sik-tel'-mo. 

tin-o-lfim-wi-kw^s'. 

iin-o-lum-wi-kw6-si'-piin. 

ttk-o-lum-wi-kw^-si'-piin, 

wii-liim-wi-kw^'-so. 

Lo'-la  wii-lum-wi-kwe'-so. 

lin-piim-os'. 

im-pum-o-se'-piin. 

un-piim-o-suts'. 

iik-ptim-o-se'-pun. 

pii-mo'-se. 

Ma'-li  pii-mo'-se. 

wa'-sis  pii-ina-pe'-ko. 

a'-lok  pii-mi'-he.  ' 

a'-lok  ku-si-ka'-wi-he. 

To'-ma  kwi'-ku-so. 

Lu'-is  kwaskw'-ho. 

Ha'-nis  tiil-tiikw'-ho. 
^  Kap-li'-Sl  ku-skwit-tukw'-ho 
I      ko-wSs'-nol. 

ha-has'  pii-mo'-se. 

ha-has'  kwaskw'-ho. 
f  ha-has'  ku-skwit-tukw'-ho 
1      ko-wis'-nol. 

ka-ka'-kos  pu-mi-tu'-i-he. 

at-ho'-sis  pij-ma-tiik'-i-he. 

nii-mfis'  pu-ma'-mi-he. 

iil'-um-us  o-ki'-le. 

ha-has'  mii-te-tauk'-so, 

k'tchip-la'-kun  ses'-kwe. 

a-ta-k6I'-muskw  mii-te-tauk'- 


{ 


so. 


am'-wSs  miit-i-a'-mo. 
un-tu-h&s'-on  mii-ku-se-we'-u. 
uk-tu-hcls'-on  wa-pe'-yu. 


74 


My  knife  is  large, 

Your  knife  is  small, 

His  knife  is  siiarp, 

Peter's  knife  is  dull, 

It  is  dull  (times), 
Our  wigwam  is  old, 
Your  wigwam  is  new. 
Their  wigwams  are  small, 

Their  wigwams  are  large, 

Our  horses  are  here. 

Your  horses  are  gone, 

Their  horses  are  gone, 

My  hat  is  here, 
Your  hat  is  here. 
This  is  my  hat, 
This  is  his  hat. 
These  are  my  horses. 
These  are  your  horses, 
Whose  cow  is  this  ? 
This  is  my  cow, 
Whose  horse  is  this  ? 
This  is  his  horse, 
Whose  dog  is  this? 
This  is  Paul's  dog. 
Whose  bow  is  this  ? 
This  is  his  bow. 
Whose  arrow  is  this? 
This  is  my  arrow. 
Whose  knife  is  this? 
This  is  my  knife, 
Whose  hat  is  this  ? 
This  is  your  hat, 


lin-mi-ko-ta'-kun  nfl-krim-ki'- 

kwun. 
lik-mi-ko-ta'-kun  op-su-ki'- 

kwiin. 
o-mi-ko-ta'-kun  ku-si'-kl-hin. 
Pi'-61  o-mi-ko-ta'-kim   mii- 

tchi'-kl-hin. 
kii-sii-pc'-yu. 
ni'-kun  liii-ka-ne'. 
ki'-ku-a  pi-le'. 

wi'-ku-wal  ap-sii-ki'-kwu-nol. 
wi'-ku-wal  na-tu-mii-ki'-kwii- 

nol. 
un-tu-ha-so'-nu-iik  i-yul'-tu- 

lik  yiit. 
uk-tti-ha-so'-muk  ma'-tche-h6k 
o-tu-ha'-som-wak'  ma'-tche- 

h5k. 
un-ta-so'-su-iin  i'-yu  ytit. 
uk-ta-so'-su-un  i'-yu  ytit. 
yiit  im-ta-so'-su-un. 
nit  o-ta-so'-su-un. 
yokt  nil  lin-tu-ha-so'-miik. 
yokt  kil  lik-tu-ha-so'-muk. 
wen  yutl  o-ko-wo-so'-mtil. 
nil  wait  lin-ko-wo'-son. 
wen  yutl  o-tii-ha-so'-mul. 
yutl  o-tu-ha-so'-miil. 
wen  u-te-mi'-siil. 
Pal  yutl  u-te-mi'-siil. 
wen  yut  u-ta-ta'-pi-yiil. 
yut  u-ta-ta'-pi-yul. 
wen  yut  o-pakw'. 
nil  yut  un-pakw'. 
w£n  yut  o-mi-ko-ta'-kiin. 
nil  yut  lin-mi-ko-ta'-kun. 
wen  yut  o-ta-so'-su-iin. 
kil  yut  uk-ta-so'-su-un. 


75 


Which  is  your  horse  ? 
Which  is  your  coat  ? 
Which  is  your  father  ? 
Wiiich  is  your  mother? 
Which  is  your  arrow? 

Who  stole  my  horse  ? 

Jack  stole  my  horse, 

I  have  a  dog, 
You  have  a  clog, 
He  has  a  dog. 

You  and  I  have  horses. 
We  have  horses, 
How  many  dogs  have  you  ? 
How  many  horses  have  you  ? 

How  many  arrows  has  Jack  ? 

He  has  a  horse, 
I  have  a  gun, 

We  have  guns, 

I  have  a  hat, 
They  have  hats, 
When  did  you  eat  ? 
When  did  you  drink  ? 
When  will  he  arrive  ? 
Where  is  my  whip  ? 
Here  is  your  whip, 
Where  is  my  coat  ? 
Your  coat  is  here. 
The  book  is  here. 
The  book  is  there, 
Where  is  the  horse  ? 


ta'-no-wQt  ttk-tii-ha'-son. 

ta'-ni-yot  o-tup'-skwuns. 

ta'-no-wiit  kfi-mi'-tauks. 

ta'-no-wut  ki'-ko-wus. 

ta'-ni-yot  kii-p-lkw'. 
(  wen  ke-mo-tu-na'-lat  un-tti- 
(      ha-so'-nuil. 

(  Hfi-sa'  o-kfi-mo-tu-na'-lat  i^m- 
(      tu-ha-so'-mul. 

ftn-ti-yu'-wa  ul'-um-us. 

lik-ti-yu'-wa  ni'-rim-us. 

o-tiyu'-wal  ui-iim-u'-sul. 
(  ki'-lun  kii-ti-yu-wa'-nu-wiik 
(      ha-has'-wuk. 
( tin-ti-yu-wa'-nu-wiik  ha-has'- 
(      wiik. 

(  kgs-wfik  ul-fMn-u'-suk  e-yu- 
(.      wut'-chik. 

(  kes-wiik  ha-has'-wijk  e-yu- 
(      wut'-chik. 

i,  kes'-o-mu!  o-pak'-wi-yul  e-i'- 
t      tchil  Hii-sa'. 

o-ti-yu'-wa  ha-ha'-su. 

un-ti'-yin  pes'-ko-hat. 
(  fm-ti'-yin-nu'-iil    pes-ko-ha'-ti- 
t      yiil. 

iin-ti'-yin  a-so'-su-wun. 

o-ti-yin'-i-yiil  a-so-su-wii'-ntil. 

ta-yu-ek'  kiim-il'-sips. 

ta-yu-gk'  kii-tos'-mips. 

ta-yu-we'-kiits  pu-kiit-si-ke'. 

ta-ma-hi'-yu  ian-ti-pi'-sim. 

yut  iik-ti-pi'-sim. 

ta-ma-hi'-yu  un-tiip'-skwuns. 

uk-tup'-skwiins  i'-yu  yut. 

wik-hi'-kun  i'-yu  yut. 

wik-hi'-kun  i'-yu  nit. 

ta-ma-hi'-yu  ha-has'. 


Where  is  the  clop  ? 
Wliere  is  tlie  camp  ? 
I  am  colli, 
You  were  cold, 
He  will  be  cold, 
[  am  warm, 
Voii  were  warm, 
He  will  be  warm, 
I  am  tall. 
You  were  tall. 
The  boy  will  be  tall. 
The  tree  is  tall, 
The  horse  is  high, 

The  house  is  high. 

The  rock  is  high. 

The  horse  is  large. 

The  horse  is  small, 

The  hat  is  large, 

A  high  hill, 

A  high  mountain. 

The  hill  is  high, 

The  hill  is  low. 

The  mountain  is  high, 

The  mountain  is  low. 

It  rains  now. 

It  rained  yesterday. 

It  will  rain  to-morrow. 

It  snows  now. 

It  snowed  yesterday. 

It  will  snow  to-morrow. 

It  hails  now, 

It  hailed  yesterday, 

It  will  hail  to-morrow, 

It  is  cold  now, 

It  was  cold  yesterday, 

It  will  be  cold  to-morrow, 


ta-ma-hi'-yu  fil-iim-us'. 

ta-ma-hi'-yu  wik'-wam. 

lin-ko-wiUs'. 

ko-wiit-chi'-ptm. 

ko-wtit-sots'. 

untrip-miilts'. 

uk'-u-tiip-muit-si'-pun. 

uk-mult-sots'. 

un-pi'-ten-skiis'. 

lik-pi'-ten-skiis'. 

u-ski-nu'-sis  pi'-ten-sktts-ots'. 

hiip'-pus  pi-tauk'-so. 

ha-has'  spo'-se. 
j  we'-no-tchi'-ko-wam  spi-ka- 
i      ni'-yu. 

pii-nap'-skw  sp^lps'-ke. 

ha-has'  nu-kum'-kil. 

ha-has'  hap'-sii-kil. 

a-so'-su-wiin  nu-kum-ki'-kwun 

spa'-ke. 

spu'-tu-ne. 

pem-a'-kek  spe'-yu. 

p2m-a'-kgk  tchi-ne'-yu. 

pem'-tu-nek  spe'-yu. 

pem'-tu-nek  tchi-ne'-yu. 

cijm-i'-wun  tu-kets'. 

ciim-i'-wiin-o'-pun  wii-la'-ko. 

ciim-i'-wiints  se-pa'-wun-ok. 

pti-san'  tii-kets'. 

pii-sa-no'-piin  wu-la'-ko. 

pu-sa'-ntits  se-pa'-wun-ok. 

sikw-he-wi'-u  tii-kets'. 

sikw-he'-wi-wo'-piin  wu-la'-ko. 
(  sikw-he'-wi-wiits'  se-pa'-wun- 
t      ok. 

tii-ke'-yu  tii-kets'. 

tii-ke-yo'-piin  wu-la'-ko. 

tii-ke-yots'  se-pa'-wun-ok. 


77 


It  is  warm  now,  wii-tfl-ku-ne'-yo  tfi-kets'. 

It  was  w.inn  yesterday,  wii-tu-ku-Me-yo'-pim  wu-hi'-ko. 

,.     •11  1  .  f  wii-tri-ku-ne-yols'  se-pa'-wftn- 

It  will  be  warm  to-morrow,  •<         ,  '  "^ 

(      ok, 

The  north  wind  blows,  la-te-kwfis'-ftn-i  wtt-tchau'-sttn. 

rr.,  .L     •    1  •    1  1      •  M  la-tc-kwCs'-rnvi  wCt-lchau'-sun 

The  north  wind  is  l)lowinK  now,      < 

*•         '       (      tu-kets'. 

The  west  wind  was  blowing  yester-  r  ski-a'-siin-i  wi'i-tchau'-siin-o'- 
day,  I      pan  wu-la'-ko. 

The    south    wind    will    blow    to-  t  sau-nO'-stin-i  wfl-tchau'-stin- 
inorrow,  \      uts  se-pa'-wun-ok. 

I  am  tiirowinfj  a  stone,  iin-tfii-a'-kAn  pw-nap'-skvv. 

.    ,  ,  (  un-lul-a'-kcl-ne'-|.iun  pu-nap'- 

I  threw  a  stone,  ■<        ,  i       i         i 

(.      skw. 

I  will  throw  a  stone,  lin-tfil-a'-ka-niits  pii-nap'-skw. 

.,  ,  1-  1  1     ^u        5      f  kes-nos'-piin-il  pfi-nap'-skiil 

How  many  stones  did  he  throw  ?     ■<      ,,,,,.; 
'  (      he-la-ke-tchil. 

„,,       ,.,,,,  ,  \  kekw-se-\ve'-tchi-la-kc'ts'  pti- 

Why  did  he  throw  a  stone  ?  "S  ,    , 

(      nap -skw. 

I  am  throwinji;  a  club,  iin-tiil-a'-kin  hup'-pus. 

I  threw  a  club,  iiii-t(il-a'-ka-ne'-pun  hiip'-oiis. 

I  will  throw  a  club,  lin-tiil-a-kftnts'  hiip'-pus. 

„  1  I      !•  1  1     u         1        5  kes-nos'-piin-il  Iiup-piis'-i-yQl 

How  many  clubs  did  he  throw?       <       ,,,,.., 
^  (.      he- a-ke'-tchi  . 


„,,      ,.,,,,  1  1  i  (  kekw-se-we'-tclii-la-kcts' htip'- 

Why  did  he  throw  a  club :  i         ^  . 

C      pus. 

TT    •        ^^-      II..       ^1     ..  ui         f  o-po'-no-niun  ota-so' 
He  IS  putting  Ins  hat  on  the  table,     i  .      ... 

^         "  (      tu-i-po'-lik. 


pus. 

'-su-fin 
po    ■■ 
f  o-po'-no-niunts'  o-ta-so'-su-tin 


He  will  put  his  hat  on  the  table,      -^  .      ,  ., 

'  (      tu-i-po-tik. 

,,         Ml       t  I    4.        4.U    *  ui     f  uk-po'-no-nuints'  iik-ta-so'-su- 

You  will  put  your  hat  on  the  table,  ^       f       .      ,  ., 

(      un  tu-i-po  -tik. 

.     .,,      ^        u  ..       4.U    .  ui  f  un-po'-no-munts'  un-ta-so'-su 

I  will  put  my  hat  on  the  table,         i      j        .      ,  ., 
^        ^  '  (      tin  tu-i-po'-tik. 

He  is  putting  his  hat  under  the  r  o-po'-no-miin'  o-ta-so'-su-iin 
table,  I      pi-ti-wi'-u  tu-i-po'-tik. 

He  will  put  his  hat  under  the  r  o-po'-no-munts'  o-ta-so'-su- 
table,  (tin  pi-ti-wi'-u  tu-i-po'-tik. 

^.  „  ..^     ,       ....  ^  - 


You  will  put   your   liiit  under  the  j  iik-po'-no  munts'    fik-ta-so-su- 
tiililo,  (      iiti  pi-ti-wi'-u  tu-i-po'-tik. 

<  un-po'-no-inrints'  Cin-ta-so'-su- 
I  will  inil  my  liat  under  tlie  table,    ->       ,       •.••'»•      '  »i 

'  •'  (      fin  pi-ti-wi -u  tu-i-po-tik. 

He    is    putting    his    knife    in    his  ^  o-pi-se'-tnn  o-tni'-ko-ta'-kiin 
pocket,  j       o-pit-so-na'-kun-uk. 

(  (j-pi-se-lunts'  o-nii'-ko-ta'-kun 

He  will  put  his  knife  in  his  pocket,  <  .  / 1  -     -i 

'  ^  (      o-pit-so-na  -kun-uk. 

You   will   put   your   knife   in  your  i  ku-pi-se-tonts'  kii-mi'ko-ta'- 

pocket,  (      kun  ku-pit-so-na'-kun-uk. 

,  (  un-pi-se-lonts'  un-mi'-ko-ta'- 

I  will  put  my  knife  in  my  pocket,     ->       ...       •,  ,,..,, 

'  -^  ^  ^  (      kun  un-pit-so-na -kun-uk. 

The  deer  is  standing;  in  the  bushes,     hu-tok'  se'-ke  la-mi-pi'-sukw. 

<  u-ski'-tilp   te-sa'-kwi  ka'-pu 
The  man  is  standing  on  a  log,          'i       •       /    -       i 

*'  "^  (       ko-a-sun-ok. 

,    (  tii-mi-lii'-kim  hu'-te  kii-ta'-kfi- 
I  he  axe  is  (    ying)  on  the  ground,  -s  , ,    , 

■^     "  (.      me  -kok. 

The    whip    is        yi»g)    under    the  ^  e'-pis  hu'-te  pi-ti-wi'-u  tu-i-po'- 


table, 
The  horse  is  on  the  hill, 

The  horse  was  on  the  hill, 
The  horse  will  be  on  the  hill, 
The  awl  is  under  the  hide, 
The  awl  was  under  the  hide, 

The  awl  will  be  under  the  hide, 

The  camp  is  near  the  river, 
The  camp  was  by  the  river, 
The  camp  will  be  by  the  river, 

A  stick  floats  on  the  water, 
A  stone  sinks  in  the  water. 
An  arrow  floats  on  the  water. 


i       tik. 

ha-has'  i'-yu  kwe'-kwa-ki'-u. 
\  ha-has'  i-yo'-pun  kwe'-kwa- 
1      ki'-u. 

(  ha-has'  iit-si'-ots  kwe'-kwa- 
1      ki'-u. 

tch^s-a'-kun   i'-c-la-me'-u  mS- 


(  tch^s-a  -kun   i 
(       te'-kun-ok. 


^  tches-a'-kiin  i-o'-pii'in-la-me'-u 
I      mg-te'-kun-ok. 
\  tches-a'-kun  i'-ots-la-me'-u 
1      mfi-te'-kun-ok. 

wik'-wam  siin-o'-te. 

wik'-wam  siin-o-te'-pfin. 

wik'-wam  sun-o-tets'. 
j  htip'-piis  pum-ku-ho'-ke  sa- 
(      ma-kwa'-nek. 
j  pu-nap'-skw  ke-ta'-pe-ha  sa- 
(      ma-kwa'-ngk. 
j  pakw  piim-ku-ho'-ke  sa-ma- 
1      kwa'-nek. 


79 


.  ,     .    ,,  ^  \  pes-ko-hat   ke-ta  -pe-ha  sa- 

A  gun  sinks  in  the  water,  <  '         ,      ,    v, 

C      ma-kwa-nek. 

I  see  a  deer,  nu'-mi-ha  hiit'-tok. 

,       ,  (  o-nu'-mi-ha  ni-san'-ko  hut-to'- 

He  saw  twelve  deer,  < 

C      kuk. 

.,,  ,       ,  ■    (  ku-nii'-mi-ha-kets'  ni-san'-ko 

You  will  see  twelve  deer,  ■{      ,         ,,  ^, 

(      hut-to-kuk. 

^       ,        .  (  no'-tu-a  ti'-te-kiil  nie-te-tauk'- 

I  hear  a  cat-owl  crying,  < 

(      sit. 

,,,.,,  ,        .  (  Kat'-lin  u-ski-ta'-pi-iil  no'-tu- 

Catherme  heard  a  man  shouting,     <        ,         ,.        ,.,.,,., 

(.      al  mas  -k\va-la-mi-li  -tchil. 

I  will  go  to  St.  John,  un-tii-li-hets'  Me-na-kw6sk'. 

He  went  to  St.  John,  ii-li-he'-pun  Me-na-kwesk'. 

^     .,,  r.     T  1         •  1    T  1  (  lin-tu-li-hets'  Me-na-kwesk' 

I  will  go  to  St.  John  with  John,        ■<      ^^„      ,     . 
^  -^  •*        '        (      Hii-sa'-wis. 

I  will  go  to  St.  John  with  my  (  iin-tii-li-hets'  Me-na-kwesk' 
father,  (      lin-mi-tauks'. 

I    will    go  with   my  father  to   St.  r  un'-tii-li  wit-se-wats'  lin-mi- 

John,  (      tauks'  Me-na-kwesk'. 

^     .„  .  ,   ,,  ,       ,  (  un'-tu-li  wit-se-wats'  Ma'-li 

I  will  go  with  Mary  to  ner  home,     -i         ., ,  „, 
°  (.      wik-uk. 


'  ".. 


^     ...  •  ,  r  .1  <  un-ma'-tche  wit-se-wats'  Gn- 

I  will  go  away  with  my  father,         -j         •       v  / 

,     .,,  ,    r        T  1  S  un-ma-tche-hats'  ttimk-ka'- 

I  will  go  away  before  John,  ■<      ^„,    ,,,      ,     . 

^  -^  J        '  (      tuk  Hu-sa-wis. 

,     .„  r       ,  ,  (  no'-tchi-ma-tche-hats'  a-sit'- 

I  will  start  after  John  starts,  ■<      ,    /   .,    tt-      /     • 

•^  (      ka-tiik  Hii-sa  -wis. 

.,,  ^  ,    ,  (  no'-tchi-ma-tche-hats'   a-sit'- 

I  will  start  after  my  father  starts,    ■<      ,    /,v,   .       •.     i    / 

(.      ka  -tuk  un-mi-tauks  . 

un'-pum-iim-kwa'-lats  un-ta- 

ha'-sum. 

o-ptim-iim-kwa-la'-piin-il  un- 


sum-iil. 


I  will  ride  my  horse,  -j 

xj        J    u-    1  5  o-ptim-ii 

He  rode  his  horse,  i     \   t.  / 

{.      ta-na 

,.  ,  ,  .  ,    ,  .    ,  ,         (  kgk-we-tchi-skat'  miim-kwa- 

Why  did  he  not  ride  his  horse  ?        ■<      ,  ,,     .  ,    /    „      ., 

(la  -kwus  o-ta-ha  -sum-ul. 

I  will  ride  him,  iin-pum-um-kwa'-lats  ne'-kiim. 

^     .„    .  ,         „     ,  ,  S  iin-tul-tim-kwuts'    Me-na- 

I  will  ride  to  St.  John,  -j      u    ^  -i,' 

8o 


The  knife  is  broken, 
The  arrow  is  broken  (off), 
The  canoe  is  broken. 
The  paddle  is  broken  (off), 
The  egg  is  broken, 
The  axe  is  broken, 

I  will  shoot  a  deer  if  I  see  one. 

The  dog  will  bite  you  if  you  kick 

him, 
I  will  sleep  if  you  will  be  quiet, 

I  am  angry  because  you  struck  me, 

I  will  go  (to  my)  home  when  my 

horse  is  caught, 
I  will  kill  the  man  who  stole  my 

horse. 

The  horse  threw  the  boy, 

That  horse  will  throw  you, 

I  will  ride  the  horse  that  threw 
the  man, 

What  is  it  ? 

Who  is  it  ? 

Who  are  they  ? 

What  is  the  name  of  this  ? 

What  is  that  man's  name  ? 

I  have  a  hat  on. 
You  have  a  hat  on. 
You  have  a  shirt  on. 

He  has  moccasins  on, 

We  live  at  St.  John, 

They  live  at  St.  John, 


I 


me-ko-ta'-nis  we-ke'-yu. 

pakw  tii-me'-yu. 

huk-wi'-ttin  we-ke'-yu. 

o-tu-ha'-kun  tii-me'-yu. 

wa'-wun  skwus-ke'-yu. 

tu-mi-hi'-kun  piik-we'-yu. 

Qn-pSs-kats'  hut'-tok  nun-i- 
hok'  pgskw. 

ul-um-us-sits'  kiip-uk-ke'-lukw 
tii-ki'-te-ko-wut'. 

un-ko'-wiits  wan-tu-kti-pi'-yiin. 
j  nil  no-kai'  i-pQt-sur  kil 
(      ki-ti-kum'-i. 
J  lin-mat-su-hats'  ni'-kuk 
(      um-sun-ot'  un-ta-ha'-son. 
f  ne-pa-hats'  u-ski'-tap  ke'-mo- 
(      tun-um-it'  iin-ta-ha'-so-mul. 
(  ha-has'  o-pii-nekw'-te-si'-mal 
(      u-ski'-nu-si'-sul. 
j  niit  ha-has'  pii-nekw-te-si'- 
(      miikwts. 

nil'-iits  un-pum-iim-kwa-lats' 
ha-has'  niit  pu-nekw'-te-si- 
mat'-piin  u-ski-ta'-pi-yiil. 

kekw'-se. 

wen. 

we'-nik. 

kekw'-se  li-wi-sii-wi'-yu  yiit. 
(  kekw'-se  nut  u-ski'-tap 
(      li-wi'-so. 

lin-pus'-ku-mun  a-so'-su-iin. 

ku-pus'-kii-mun  a-so'-su-un. 

ku-pus'-ko-a  ha-tol'-han. 

ne'-kum  pus-kiim'-nul 
m'cus'-nul. 

iin-wi-ki'-pun  Me-na-kwesk'. 

ne'-kiim-an  wi'-ko-wuk 
Me-na-kwesk'. 


8i 


,  ,.        .  (  mi'-ko  wi'-ko  la-me'-yu 

The  squirrel  lives  in  a  tree,  i      ,  „       ^  , .. 

^  (      hup-pus-ik. 

The  bear  lives  in  the  woods,  mu'-in  wi'-ko  kii-tchi'-kok. 

.    ,  .     ,  (  po-ni'-u  niu'-in  wi'-ko 

In  winter  the  bear  lives  in  his  den,  ■< 


mii-skwik-wa'-niuk. 
ought  to  sit  down  because.  >  ,  „ 
yoi 


You  ought  to  sit  down  because.  )  ,  „  ^.   ,  .      .    „.    ^i/,so'^h., 
^  r  ku-tup  -up  i-put-sul  kus  -pun. 

you  are  tired,  ) 

(  ka'-te  no-lam'-sut  mo'-wiin 
I  do  not  believe  what  he  says,  -\  •'  t"k 

I  go,  nat'-si. 

I  am  going  to,  na-tchi'. 

I  am  going  a-hunting  because  I  am  f  na-te-pa-mus'  i-put-sul' 

hungry,  ^      un-kut-op'. 

I  will  go  a-hunting  a  deer,  na-tchi'  ku-to'-niil-a  hut-tok'. 

(  na-tchi'  kii-to'-nul-ak 
I  will  go  a-hunting  rabbits,  |      ma-tu-kwes'-sok. 

I    will   go    a-hunting  spruce  par-    J  na-tchi'  kii-to'-nul-ak 
tridges,  1      mii'-tchi-e-sok'. 

(  na-tchi'  kii-to'-nul-a 
I  will  go  a-hunting  an  eagle,  |     k'tchi-pla'-kun. 

(  ke-ku-we'-tchi-skat'  mit 
Why  did  you  not  eat  ?  |      ^j_^,_^.  ^ 

ke-kii-we'-tchi-skat'  kiit-os' 

mi-u'-nus. 

Why  did   you  not   go   (to    your)    (  ke-kii-we'-tchi-skat'  ma-tche- 

home  ?  1      ha'-nus  ki'-kuk. 

,        (  ke-kii-we'-tchi-skat'  miin-u- 
Why  did  you  not  buy  a  horse  when  \      ,       ...     u    i      /      ■'    ■^ 
„        ,     ^  <      hau-tus  ha-has    e-i-yun 

you  were  at  St.  John  ?  ^      Me-na-kwesk'. 

Why  did   you  not   go   (to  your)    j  ke-kii-we'-tchi-skat'  ma-tche- 

home  yesterday  ?  \      ha'-niis  ki'-kiik  u-la'-ko. 

,     (  ta'-yu-ek  kii-ma'-tche-haps 
When  did  you  go  (to  your)  home  ?    -j       u-'u^u 

He  is  coming  (to  his)  home,  sku-wi'-he  wi'-kuk. 

He  came  (to  his)  home,  pii'-kiit-si-he'  wi'-kuk. 

He  will  come  (to  his)  home,  pii'-kiit-si-hets'  wi'-kuk. 

Let  him  go  (to  his)  home,  iil'-li-hats  wi'-kiik. 

(  lin-tu-kwe'-tchim-ko'-pun 
He  asked  me  to  eat,  i      ^       ..,    . 

(.     un-mit-s.n. 


Why  did  you  not  drink  ?  -j 


I  will  ask  him  to  eat, 
I  asked  you  to  eat, 

I  will  ask  you  to  eat, 

I  am  standing  and  looking, 

He  was  standing  and  looking, 

I  am  sitting  and  eating. 

He  was  sitting  and  eating. 

He   was  standing  and  holding  a 

He  held  a  gun. 

He  pointed  a  gun, 

He  was  standing  and  pointing  a 

The  boy  was  crying  and  eating, 
John  is  walking  and  whistling. 


{ 


(  lin-tu-kwe'-tchi-mats' 
(.      o-mit'-sin. 
kti-tii-kwe'-tchim-lo'-pun 

kii-mit'-sin. 
kii-tu-kwe'-tchi-miilts' 

kii-mit'-sin. 
lin-sek'  un-tii-lap'. 
se-ke'-piin  la-po'-pun. 
tin-tap'  iin-tii'-tu-lip. 
hup-o'-piin  tu-le-po'-piin. 
se-ke'-piin  kwul-num-ne'-pun 

pes-ko-hat'. 
o-kiil-niim-ne'-piin  pSs-ko-hat'. 
(  o-tii-likw-sen'-miin-e'-piin 
(      pes-ko-hat'. 
j  se-ke'-piin  o-tii-likw'-so-ho'- 
(      tiin  pes-ko-hat'. 
u-iiki-nu'-sis  tiil-te-mo'-ptin 

mit-so'-pun. 
Hii-sa'-wis  mo-se'-pun 
kwi-kwiis-o'-pun. 


{ 


83 


PHRASES  AND  SENTENCES. 


SECOND   SERIES. 


Hail, 

Good  morning, 

Good  evening, 

Good  night, 

Good-bye, 

Can  you  talk  Indian  language  ? 

Yes,  a  little. 

Where  are  you  from  ? 

Where  do  you  live  ? 

Is  it  from  there  that  you  have  come 

What  is  the  news  ? 

How  are  you? 

I  hope  you  are  well. 

Are  your  people  well  ? 

They  all  are  well. 

How  is  your  wife  ? 

She  is  well. 

She  is  sick, 

She  is  getting  better. 

She  is  getting  worse, 

She  is  about  the  same, 

Are  you  awake  ? 

I  am  awake. 

What  o'clock  is  it  ? 

What  time  is  it  ? 

Get  up. 

It  is  time  to  get  up. 

It  is  time  you  were  up, 

This  is  a  cold  night, 

This  is  a  cold  morning. 

This  is  a  cold  day, 

It  is  cold. 

It  is  very  cold, 


*  kwe'  (or)  kwe'-i. 
wu-li'-spa-sakw'. 
wu-la-kwi'-u. 
wu-lit'-po'-kwSt. 
a-ti'-u. 

ki'-si  o-skit'-sin  no-wa'-tu. 
a-ha'-ha  ka-kesk'. 
to-ma-ko'-tchi. 
to-mak'-wik. 
?  nit  wult-si-ha'-yiin. 
tan-u-li'  ta'-kwit. 
tan-tu-kli-we-le'-yiin. 
pe'-kwi-nakw-si'-yiin. 
ku-si-wi'-Qk  wu-le'-yul-tu'-tik. 
iim-si'-u  wu-le'-yul-tu'-uk. 
j  tan  o-tu-le'-yun  ku-ni-si-wi'- 
(      akw. 

wu-le'-yun. 

ku-si-no'-ka. 

pii-mi'-wo-le'-yun. 

pu-mi-tche'-li-ha. 

pes-kwun'-te-a-le'-yit. 

kos'-pas. 

nos'-pas. 

ke-sa'-tchi-ha. 

tan-tut-se'-yu. 

niim'-ches. 

kis-wu'-li-he  ku-num-tchi'-sin. 

kis-wu'-li-he  ku-num'-tchi-sin' 

tu-kit'-pok-wet'. 
■    tu-ki'-se-pa-wi'-yu. 

tu-ki-ki'-skiit. 

to-ke'-yu. 

wi-si'-ki  to-ke'-yu. 


*The  Maliseet  salutation. 


84 


I  am  cold, 
I  have  a  cold, 
Make  a  fire, 
Cook  breakfast, 
Cook  dinner. 
Let  us  cook  dinner, 


It  is  time  for  us  to  cook  dinner,       j 


We  are  hungry, 

Are  you  tired  ? 

I  am  tired, 

It  is  time  to  pack  up, 

A  back-load  (a  bundle  carried  on 

the  back), 
A  canoe, 
My  canoe, 
My  canoe  leaks, 
I  must  mend  my  canoe, 
Jim  is  mending  my  canoe, 
He  is  mending  my  canoe. 
He  knocked  a  hole  in  his  canoe 

against  a  rock. 
He  punched  a  hole  in  his  canoe 

on  a  snag, 
Let  us  hurry, 
We  will  be  late, 
Gum  (of  any  kind). 
Rosin, 

Fat  (of  any  kind). 
Canvas, 

We  must  start  (go)  at  eight  o'clock 
in  the  morning. 

We  must  go  twenty  miles. 

Where  will  we  find  a  good  spring 

of  water  ? 
Up  river, 


iin-ko-wtits'. 

nut-sa'-lak. 

mu-tu-o'-to. 

spa-sakw'. 

pas-kwi-akw'. 

pas'-k  wi-a-k  we-si'-niits. 

kis-wu'-li-e  pas'-kwi-a-kwe-si'- 

likw. 
ki-to-pi'-pin. 
nil'-na  iin-kus'-piin. 
un-kus'-pun  (or)  nil  kus'-pun. 
hii-ti-ne'-to  wu-la'-pik, 

wi-yu'-sun. 

hiik-wi'-tun. 

iin-tul'. 

iin-tul'  u'-tchi-e. 

tin-miis-na'-tul. 

Jgm  mus-na'-to-le'-wiikw. 

iin-tiit'-li-un-sun-to-le'-wukw. 
f  o-to-ta'-stun  pii-naps'-kok 
1      u-tol'. 


} 


} 


to-wi'-tiin. 


wi-wi-sa-i'-nSts. 
met-sa-i'-pents. 
puk'-o. 

pii-sek-mek'-sit. 
mi'-may. 
si'-pe-ke-he'-kiin. 
kii-tats'-wi-mat-se'-hi-i'-ptin 
o-ka-mul'-tchin   a-tche-hak' 
spa-si-wi'-yu, 
kti-mat'-se-hi-i'-pun  ni-sinsk' 

ke-so'-salt-kwSt'. 
;  ta'-nQts  ut'-li  mu-skiim'-iikw 
L     kgl-wak'  tu-kii-pgkw'. 
nu'-m-miik. 


85 


Down  river, 

Soon, 

About  two  miles, 

I  am  thirsty, 

Give  me  a  drink, 

Who  wants  a  drink  ? 

Let  us  land  here  to  cook  dinner. 

Put  the  traps  aboard. 
All  ready  (they  are  ready), 
Now  shove  off, 
Give  me  a  paddle, 
Where  is  my  paddle  ? 

You  take  a  pole. 

Look  out  for  a  good  place  to  stay 

all  night, 
Is  this  place  good  ? 
This  is  a  good  place, 

Let  us  pitch  the  tent  (of  canvas), 

On  the  top  of  the  bank. 
Further  back  from  the  shore, 

Pitch  it  just  here, 

Bring  it  here. 
Fetch  it. 

Get  the  tent-poles. 
Build  the  fire. 
Get  the  firewood, 

Chop  more  firewood, 

Is  there  as  much  firewood  as  we 

will  burn  to-night  ? 
I  am  not  sure. 

Give  me  more  tea,  if  you  please. 

Hand  it  to  me,  please, 


I 


papkw. 

ni-ka'-sa-yi'-u. 

ta'-ma-ha  nis  so-salt-kwfit'. 

Qn-kii-tu-wus'-sttm. 

mi'-lfn  a-ltis'-mi. 

wSn  ko-to-wiis'-mtit. 
(  yut  uk-\va'-n6ts  pas'-kwi-a- 
(      kwe-si'-niits. 

ta-pa'-u-ta-sol'-tik. 

ku-silt-so-wi'-wiil. 

na'-ha  mi-la-wi'-ka-mon. 

mi'-lin  u-ta-ha'-kiin. 

ta-ma'-nil  nut-ha'-kiin. 

kil  wik-wa'-lun 
ki-kom'-ka-hon. 
(  kil-ma'-p6t-ti'-muk  kel-wak' 
(      kii-tu-wa'-not. 

ku-lu'-wut-i-e'-yot. 

yut  ku-lo'-wiit. 
f  li-kop-wa'-to-nets'  si-pe'-ke- 
(      he-kun  nik'-wam. 

ki-sa'-k\ve-o. 

kfi-so'-na  met-ska'-pi-u. 
(  li-ko'-pa-wa'-to-nets  yut 
(.      wu-le-u'. 

pa'-tchipt. 

sku-wipt'. 

kii'-to-net  hiap-piis-i-a'-kol. 

mu-tu-o'-to. 

ku'-to-n6t  pi-u'-so-kol, 
(  lakw-ta'-miin  mats  pi-u'-so- 
t      kol. 

(  ta-pi'-ha-tul  pi-u'-so-kol  a-ka- 
(      kwi-nakw-ta'-kil. 

ku-tun-pa-ki'-ta-ha'-tu-mun. 
(  mi'-lin  mats  tS  li-wu-li'-tu-ha'- 
(      tu-mun. 

sku-et'  wu-li'-tu-ha'-tii-mtin. 


86 


Go  it  while  you  are  young, 

Are  you  married  ? 

Is  your  husband  dead  ? 

How  many  children  have  you  ? 

How  many  are  boys  ? 

At  what  sort  of   work   are    you 

employed  ? 
Making  baskets, 
Making  moccasins, 
I  am  a  clerk, 
I  am  writing, 
In  an  office, 
A  merchant, 
A  lawyer, 
A  doctor, 
A  priest, 
A  minister, 
I  am  poor, 
I  have  no  money, 
I  am  hungry, 
I  feel  weak, 

I  am  weak  from  hunger. 
Have  you  any  money  ? 
Give  to  me. 
Give  me  good  luck. 
Give  me  a  drink. 
Give  me  some  money. 
Give  me  something  to  eat, 
I  am  thirsty, 
I  will, 
I  must, 
I  can  do  it,  •' 
I  will  try  to  do  it. 
You  can  do  it. 
Can  he  do  it  ? 
You  must, 
-  Can  you  ? 


i 


a-li-kw5n'-i-wa-sis  wi'-iin. 

kiit-sup-ka'-tum. 

kii-ni-si-wi'-akw  m§t-zi-nik', 
<  kes'-wiik  kii-nit-sa'-niik 
(.      a-wut'-sik. 

kgs'-wuk  ska-nu-si'-sik. 

tan-li'-kiin  lu-ka-wa'-kun 
a-lo-ka'-du-miin. 

nii-tu-piis'-no-tak. 

nii-mii-kiis'-sunk. 

nut-wik'-hik. 

nii-tu-wik'-hik. 

nut-wik'-Mk-a-tik'-wam. 

mal-sa'-nu. 

tu-plo'-tii-mum. 

nu'-tchin-pil'-wgt. 

pa-ti'-as. 

mi-nis'-tel. 

un-ciit-ma'-ke. 

ka-ta'-ma  tin-ti-i'-wun  m&n. 

un-kii-to'-pi. 

tin-so'-ku-miilts. 

im-pus'-ka-le'-tGm. 

ko-ma'-nim. 

mi'-lin. 

mi'-lin  me-lal'-muk-we-wa'. 

mi'-lin  a-liis'-mi. 

mi'-lin  m&n. 

mi'-lin  tan  mit'-si. 
—  ttn-ku'-tu-miis'-sQm. 

no'-ni. 
^un-tats'-wi. 
^ixn'-ta-li-ki-sa'-ton. 
^  un-tuk-wi-sa'-ton. 

ku-li'-ka-sa'-ton. 

ok-li'-ki-sa'-ton. 

kii-tats'-wi. 

ki'-si. 


87 


My  own, 

Oh  my  I 

What  are  you  making? 

I  am  building  a  canoe, 

I  made  it, 

What  is  that  ? 

What  is  this  ? 

Scalp  him, 

I  am  scalped, 

He  is  scalped. 

He  has  scalped  him, 

A  law, 

A  decree, 

A  command. 

Pride, 

I  am  proud, 

I  am  foolish, 

He  is  silly. 

Anger, 

He  looks  angry, 

I  am  blind, 

I  am  cross. 

Strong, 

Naughty, 

Saucy, 

Smart, 

Beautiful  —  applied  to  things, 

Beautiful  —  applied  to  people, 

Good, 

Bad, 

Enough, 

Not  much. 

Go  away. 

Keep  quiet. 

You  are  sick, 

I  am  sick, 

I  forgot  it, 

I  don't  understand  you, 


lin-tti-pgr-tu-mun. 

a'-kwa. 

ke-ka-lit'-wtin. 

un-tak'-tul. 

ku-tchi'-tiin. 

kauk'-sa  nit. 

kauk'-sa  yut. 

pu-si'-u-kwa'-lan. 

lin-pu-si-u'-kwalk. 

pu-si-u-kwa'-la. 

pii-si-u-kwa'-lal. 

pu'-tu-su-a'-kun. 

flt-plu'-tu-mu-a'-kiin. 

hiil-ku'-tu-mu-a'-kun. 

pa-la'-pln-wa'-kun. 

lin-pa-la'-pi. 

un-pes-ha'-kun. 

p2s-ka'-ku-mi. 

ka'-yu. 

ka-yu-nuk'-sit. 

lin-pes-ka'-pii-tiim. 

un-tchak-mik'-so. 

sa-kle'-yu. 

pus-kSt'-kwun. 

ko-es'-ko. 

ni-ku'-sa-ni-ma. 

ka-lo-u'-sis. 

u-le'-ko. 

ka-lo-iit'. 

ko-wot'  (also)  mii-tchi'-ko. 

ne'-ta. 

ka-ta'-kwin. 

pa'-le-los. 

tii-san'  ki'-up. 

kti-si'-kun-o'-ka. 

iik-si'-nok. 

niin-to-ha'-kiin. 

ka-ta'-ma  ku-nis-to'-lfik. 


m 


I  am  in  a  hurry, 

Where  have  you  been  ? 

I  have  been  to  supper, 

He  hurt  me, 

I  hurt  myself, 

I  fell  from  a  rock, 

It  is  false, 

I  am  very  lonesome. 

Tell  me  a  story, 

He  was  starved  to  death. 

Home, 

A  home, 

My  home, 

His  home. 

Your  home, 

Their  home, 

Their  homes, 

Our  home, 

Our  homes, 

I  have  no  home, 

I  have  a  home, 

I  will  go  to  our  home, 

He  has  gone  (to  his)  home, 

No, 

None, 

Yes, 

A  tooth, 

My  tooth. 

Your  tooth. 

His  tooth, 

Teeth, 

Our  teeth. 

Their  teeth, 


wi-wi-sak'. 

ta-ma-ku'-ki. 

kfis-Gn-ki'-si-wu-la'-kwip. 

ktis-ta'-huk. 

tiil-ktis-ta-hus'. 

ptis-n6kw'-su-ni-ka'-hi. 

klos'-ku. 

nil  ko-ma'-tchSn-tchi-wa'-tchi. 

a'-tok-ha'-kiin. 

slk-ta-la-mu'. 

(no  equivalent). 

(no  equivalent). 

nik. 

wik. 

kik. 

wi'-ko-wa. 

wi-ko'-wal. 

ni'-kiin. 

ni-kun'-u-al. 

ka-ta'-ma  no-wi'-ki-u. 

no-wik'. 

iin-tu-li-hSts'  ni'-ktin-ok. 

ii-li-he'-piin  wi'-ko-ak. 

ka-ta'-ma. 

ka-ta'-ma. 

a-ha'-ha. 

mi'-pit. 

ni'-pit. 

ki'-pit. 

wi'-pit. 
mi-pi'- till, 
ni-pit-nu'-iil. 
wi-pit'-wal. 


H 


TO  LOVE. 


Love, 

To  love, 

To  be  loved. 

Loving, 

Do  you  love  ? 

Are  you  loved  ? 

My  love, 

I  love  you. 

Do  you  love  me  ? 

May  I  love  you  ? 

We  love  you, 

You  love  us, 

Do  you  love  us  ? 

Do  you  love  him  (or  her)  ? 

Does  he  (or  she)  love  you  ? 

Does  he  love  us  ? 

He  loves  us, 

I  love. 

You  love, 

He  loves, 

We  love. 

They  love, 

I  did  love. 

You  did  love. 

He  did  love, 

We  did  love. 

They  did  love, 

I  will  love. 

You  will  love, 

He  will  love. 

We  will  love. 

They  will  love, 

I  can  love, 

You  can  love, 

He  can  love. 

We  can  love. 

They  can  love. 


mu-sal'-tin. 

m  u-sal'-te-wa'-k  tin . 

mu-sal'-tu-e-wa'-k&n. 

mu-saltch-vva'-kiin. 

kti-mu-sa'-lu. 

kii-mu-sal-kwiis'. 

mu-sal'-to-wa'-kiin. 

kii-mu-sa'-liil. 

kil  kii-mu-sa'-li. 

ki-sip'  mu-sa'-lDl. 

kii-mu-sa-lu'-pun. 

kG-mu-sa-li'-pun. 

ku-mu-sa-li'-pun. 

ku-mu-sa'-la  ne'-ktim. 

ne'-kiim  kii-mu-sa'-liikw. 

ne'-kiim  ku-mu-sal-kon'. 

ku-niu-sal-kon'. 

iim-mu-sa'-lu. 

iik-mu-sa'-lu. 

mu-sa'-lu-e. 

iin-mu-sa'-lu-e-ti'-piin. 

mu-sa-lu-e'-tu-uk. 

un-mu-sal-we'-piin. 

Qk-mu-sal-we'-piin. 

mu-sal-we'-piin. 

iin-mu-sal-we'-pun-o'-ptin. 

mu-sal-we'-piin-ik. 

un-mu-sa-lots'. 

iik-mu-sa-lots'. 

mu-sal-wets'. 

un-mu-sal-we'-piints. 

mu-sal-we-uk-its'. 

lin-ki'-si  mu-sa'-lop. 

ki-si'-mu  mu-sa'-lop. 

ki'-si  mu-sal-wep'. 

iin-ki'-si  mu-sal'-ne-punp'. 

mu-sar-we-piin-ikp'. 


90 


I  would  love, 

You  would  love, 

He  would  love, 

We  would  love. 

They  would  love. 

If  I  love, 

If  you  love, 

If  he  loves. 

If  we  love, 

If  they  (two)  love. 

If  they  (more  than  two)  love, 

I  am  loved. 

You  are  loved. 

He  is  loved. 

We  (you  and  I)  are  loved, 

They  (two)  are  loved. 

They  (more  than  two)  are  loved, 

I  was  loved, 

You  were  loved. 

He  was  loved, 

We  (you  and  I)  were  loved, 

They  were  loved, 

I  have  been  loved, 

You  have  been  loved. 

He  has  been  loved. 

We  (they  and  I)  have  been  loved. 

They  have  been  loved, 

I  will  be  loved, 

You  will  be  loved, 

He  will  be  loved. 

We  will  be  loved, 

They  will  be  loved, 

I  can  be  loved. 

You  can  be  loved. 

He  can  be  loved, 

We  can  be  loved. 

They  can  be  loved, 

I  might  be  loved. 


fm-mu-sa-lop'. 

ak-mu-sa-lop'. 

mu-sa-lop'. 

mu-sa'-lu-e-pttnp'. 

mu-sa'-lu-we-iikp'. 

mu-sal-we'-an. 

mu-sal-wi'-un. 

mu-sal'-wet. 

mu-sal-wi'-yek. 

mu-sal-we'-tit. 

mu-sal-we'-ti-tit'. 

iin-mu'-sal-kwus'. 

kii-mu'-sal-kwus'. 

mu-sal'-kwus. 

mu'-sal-kwus-i'-piin. 

mu-sal-kwus'-e-wiik. 

nui-sal-kwus'-ol-tu-tik. 

un-mu-sal'-kwus-e'-pfin. 

tik-mu-sal'-kwus-e'-pun. 

mu-sal'-kwus-o'-piin. 

mu-sal'-kwiis-e-pun-o'-pun. 

mu-sal'-kwiis-o'-pun-ik. 

un-mu-sal-ke'-pun. 

lik-mu-sal-ke'-yun. 

mu-sal-e'-pun. 

iin-mu-sal-ke'-piin-o'-pttn. 

mu-sa-la'-piin-ik. 

Gn-mu-sal'-kwii-sits. 

tik-mu-sal'-kwu-sits. 

mu-sal'-kwii-sots'. 

un-mu'-sal-kwu-si'-piints. 
mu-sal'-kwus-wiikts'. 

un-mu-sal-ke'-punp. 

uk-mu-sal-ke'-punp. 

mu-sal-ko'-piinp. 

lin-mu-sal-ke'-piin-o'-pun. 

mu-sa'-la-pun-ikp'. 

un-mu-sal-kup'. 


91 


You  might  be  loved, 

He  might  be  loved, 

We  might  be  loved, 

They  might  be  loved, 

I  may  have  been  loved, 

You  may  have  been  loved. 

He  may  have  been  loved, 

We  may  have  been  loved. 

They  may  have  been  loved, 

If  I  be  loved. 

If  you  be  loved, 

If  he  be  loved. 

If  we  be  loved. 

If  they  be  loved. 

If  I  was  loved, 

If  you  were  loved. 

If  he  was  loved. 

If  we  were  loved, 

If  they  were  loved, 


iik-mu-sal-kup'. 

mu-sal-kop'. 

un-mu-sa-le'-pun-o'-pun, 

mu-sa-lakwp'. 

tin-mu-sal'-kwiis-i'-ptinp. 

uk-mu-sal'-kwiis-i'-punp^ 

mu-sal'-kwus-o'-piinp. 

uii-mu-sal'-kwus-i'-pun. 

mu-sal-kwus-o'-piin-i-kupw'. 

mu-sal'-kwus-i-an'. 

mu-sal'-kwus-i'-un. 

mu-sal'-kwus-it'. 

mu-sal'-kwus-i-yek'. 

mu-sal'-kwiis-i-tut'. 

mu-sal'-kwus-i-a'-nup. 

mu-sar-kwus-i-iin'-up, 

mu-sal'-kwus-i-tiip'. 

mu-sal'-kwus-i-a'-kup. 

mu-sal'-kwus-i-ti'-tiip. 


Boston, 

The  United  States, 

In  the  United  States, 

An  American, 

An  American  Woman, 

An  Abenaki  (Indian), 


Pas'-tan. 

Pas-tan'-ki. 

Pas-tan'-kik. 

Pas-ta'-ni. 

Pas-ta-ni'-skw. 

Wa-pa-na'-ki. 


92 


A  MALISEET  TRADITION. 

THE  ORIGIN  OF  THE  MALISEET  FAMILY  CALLED  BEAR. 


Kii  si'-ke-he  ski-no'-sis  ma-liim'-to  o-nii-ki'-u-k'si'-kii-han  mu-in'-i-Gl 
He  was  lost      a  boy  until  he  strayed  in  with  a  bear 

ne-a'-ka  o-nu-tchants'.  Pu-se'-sol-tu'-Gk  skwi-ku-wa'-mtik,  Sl-mei'-St 
and  her  cubs.  All  went  in  the  den,  stayed 

iin-kwiits-i'-pon.     O  ma'-we-yin'  ka-kes'-nol      pe-po'-kil 

all  winter.  They  lived  together        many  winters. 

O'-tii-lan-si-ni'-yal    um-si'-ke-ki'-kiik   kekw-se-min'-siil   po-ni'-u ; 
They  lived  on  all  kinds  berries  in  winter; 

tin-ni'-puk       nti-mes'      o'-tu-lan-si-ni'-yal,       K'tchi'-u-ski-nos-wi'-u 
in  summer  fish  they  lived  on.  He  was  a  young  man 

m6s-ko-wot'. 
when  he  was  found. 

I'-tun  mu'-in  o-ski'-si-sa'-nal 

He  said  the  bear  she  turned  away  by  holding  up  her  paws 

wgts-ku-wi'-hal-li'-tchil  skat         o-ne'-po-ho-ko-ni'-a. 

the  one  that  is  coming  towards  them  that  he  will  not  kill  them. 

Pgs'-kwun    pe'-pok    e'-ol-ti'-tit    skwi-ku-wa'-miik    k'-tchi'-mu'-in 
One  winter        when  in  the  den  the  old  bear 

i'-tuk  wut-tu'-kets  wets-ko'-we-kat  un'-tii-li-tu-has' 

she  said  this  one  now  he  is  coming  I  think 

ku-nat-ka'-kon.  Un-tu-kwe-tchi-e'-ta-sa'-nan.      I'-tuk 

he  is  coming  towards  us.  I  will  try  to  turn  him  off.  She  said 

ka-to'-kiin  iin-ki-si'-sa-nan',  kun-ka'-ta-ho'-kon, 

I  cannot  I  turn  him  off,  he  is  coming  to  kill  all  of  ns. 

Kil-ta-pokt'-we'-tan-si'-in.  Ke-nokt'-te-hol.    Mo-sa'-kii-ne-pu-ha'-kuts 
He  will  kill  all  but  you.  I  will  tell  you  this.   Do  not  you  kill 

no-sempskw'         gl-man-si'-in.  Ne'-pu-hut  no-sempskw' 

a  female  bear  in  your  life  time.  If  you  kill  a  female  bear 

ku-ne'-pu-hats'  ko'-ko-mus.  Ko'-ko-mus  ne'-pu-htit 

you  will  kill  your  grandmother.  Your  grandmother  if  you  kill 

^3 


mu'-in.       Ta-k6ts' 

ku-te-hol' 

a  bear.          No  .v 

I  tell  you 

ku-ton'-lit 

mu'-in 

ka'-tQts-aps'        ku-ne'-pu-han' 
you  will  never        you  will  not  kill 

gl-man-si'-in,        sip-kan-si'-in, 

in  your  life  time,     if  your  life  is  long,  if  you  go  hunting  a  bear 

li'-no-tii-ha'-yin  spaswi'-yu  ku-nij-mi'-tu-a-nults' 

when  you  go  out  in  the  morning  you  will  see 

o-pQk-to'-wal.  Tan-pi-kwip'-pii-ku-ten'-mat  nQt 

smokes  from  their  dens.  The  one  that  has  a  heavy  smoke  he 

ku-mu'-siimps ;      wa-ka-sip'-ku-ten'-mat  niit      ko'-ko-mus, 

your  grandfather;       the  one  that  has  least  smoke      she        your  grandmother, 

ntit      mu-sak'        ne-pu-ha'-kiits.  Ka-ta'-ma        o-ne'-pu-ha'-yil 

she        must  not         you  not  kill.  None  he  did  not  kill 

no-semps'-kwul       ma-liim'-ot       ki-ska'-tiim.  O-ni'-si-wi-ti'-chSl 

female  bears  until  he  was  married.         His  wife 

o-ti-ho'-kol        iin-ku-to'-pa       no-sempskw' ;   ku-t4t-su-i'-ne-pa'-tu-in 
she  told  him  I  want  a  taste        a  female  bear;      you  must  kill  for  me 

no-s6mpskw';         ma-ltim'-to         o-tat'-su-i-ne-pa'-tu-wa'-niil. 
a  female  bear;  until  he  killed  for  her. 

Nit-we'-tche-ta-ke'-muk  ka-ta'-ma  o-ne'-pii-ha-u'-yul  mu-in'-i-iil. 
From  that  time  none  he  did  not  kill  a  bear. 

Ne-ke'-tul-o-meskvv'  o'-tche-ne-mi'-hal  kia-ha-ku-no'-muk ; 

Before  that  time  he  could  see  one  from  his  door; 

o-ttt-li-ha'-nul-ki'-a-kwi-u     o-ne'-pu-hon. 
he  go  straight  to  kill. 

Pe'-kut-si-ha,t'     o-to-te'-me-si'-su-3.k     et'-li     ki-ska'-tiik. 
When  he  came       to  the  little  village  there      he  got  married. 

Nit    wut  o-ski'-tap  we'-tchi-si-sii-ha'-tit    mu-in-e'-wa-ko'-tii-kik. 
From  this    this  man      they  spread  from  the  Bear  family. 


94 


.  * 


